Cardio

Question 0

What term is given to the process where coronary blood flow increases almost linearly with O2 consumption?

Answer 0

Metabolic hyperaemia

Question 1

What makes an Acute Coronary Syndrome different from angina?

Answer 1

ACS involves obstruction due to inflammation, not just from the plaque.

Question 2

Name 3 structural adaptations that the coronary blood supply has for its function?

Answer 2

High capillary density
Short diffusion distances
Myoglobin in cardiac myocytes

Question 3

What is the name of the areas of circulation in fingers, toes, nose etc which can open up to aid loss of excess heat?

Answer 3

Arteriovenous anastomoses

Question 8

What is the treatment for ACS?

Answer 8

Aspirin (300mg -> 75mg for rest of life)
Clopidogrel (600mg -> 75mg for year)
Sometimes Percuraneous Coronary Intervention eg stent)

Question 9

Name 4 vasculitides and the size of vessel they affect.

Answer 9

Giants cell vasculitis - large and medium muscular arteries
Polyarteritis nodosa - small to medium arteries/arterioles
Henoch-Schonlein purpura - smaller vessels
Wegener granulomatosis - all sizes

Question 10

What is iNOS stimulated by and where is it found?

Answer 10

Stimulated by cytokines, found in smooth muscle cells and macrophages.