respiratory

Question 1

What is asthma

Answer 1

its a chronic inflammatory which is interminennt and REVERSIBLE

Question 2

What are the symptoms?
asthma

Answer 2

dyspnea, wheezing, tachypnea, chest tightness, and coughing, hypoxemia

Question 3

inflammation, ___, and excess ____ cause bronchospasm

Answer 3

edema, mucus

Question 4

what do mast cells do and what do they cause?

Answer 4

• they do vasoconstriction, increased blood flow and cause bronchoconstriciton

Question 5

what are the types of asthma?

Answer 5

allergic, nonallergic, aspiring sensitive and exercise induced

Question 6

-in adults, poor response to any other treatment but corticosteroids, not s common

Answer 6

non allergic

Question 7

aspirin sensitive asthma

Answer 7

• flare ups when taking aspiring or NSAIDS

Question 8

peak flow meter

Answer 8

measures how fast you breath, checks if airways are closing and need to use 3x and record highest #

Question 9

who have higher risk for asthma

Answer 9

kids under 5

Question 10

what are comorbidities with asthma?

Answer 10

rihinits , gerd, OSA, vocal cord dysfunction

Question 11

___ and ___ are associated with allergy asthma?

Answer 11

rihinits and obesity

Question 12

People with Gerd will experience asthma with ?

Answer 12

large meals and acidic drinks

Question 13

Intermittent?
Mild?
Moderate
Severe

Answer 13

-less than 2 days a week
-more than two days a week
-daily episodes, and more than 1 nighttime episode
-every day or more than 7x a week

Question 14

mild tremor and tachycardia can be seen with meds

Answer 14

albuterol?

Question 15

wheezing =?

Answer 15

bronchospasm

Question 16

to reduce risk of exacerbation, what meds should be given?

Answer 16

Inhaled corticosteroids with saba (albuterol)

Question 17

what is formoterol?

Answer 17

LABAs

Question 18

what happens if the person is unresponsive to therapy?

Answer 18

status asthmatics

Question 19

what are signs and symptoms? status asthmatics

Answer 19

hypoxemia, hypercarbia, secondary resp failure, inability to speak, neck vein distention and pulses paradoxes ( decrease in systolic bp when inhaling(

Question 20

treatment for status asthmaticus?

Answer 20

IV corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate
administer O2, albuterol, possibly intubation

Question 21

OSA?

Answer 21

partial or complete collapse of air way, leading to low O2

Question 22

T or F?
muscle tone of nasopharynx increased when pt falls asleep?

Answer 22

false/ it decreases which contracts airway

Question 23

People with what diseases are more prone to OSA

Answer 23

older age, DM, heart disease and postmeanopausal, and OBESITY,nasal obstruction, rhinitis, short mandible wide face base

Question 24

OSA can increase the risk for?

Answer 24

systemic HTN as well as nonalcholic fatty liver, stroke (older)

Question 25

What is a PSG?

Answer 25

its a test used to monitor a pt's sleep apnea episodes at night, with an EEG ,EMG, and SaO2

Question 26

CPAP vs BiPAP

Answer 26

CPAP; continuous pressure during inhaling and exhaling BiPAP: different pressures when inhaling and exhaling, removes CO2

Question 27

A nurse should? OSA

Answer 27

-dim lights, close door when sleeping -admin humidified O2 for lungs -position pt on one side and encourage deep breath exercises

Question 28

Meds? OSA

Answer 28

modainil (provigil): reduces daytime sleepiness protriptyline (triptil): increases resp drive, and muscle tone

Question 29

___ and ___ causes COPD?

Answer 29

-emphysema : destruction of alveoli -chronic bronchitis:inflammation, mucus, hypoventilation hypoxemia, hypercapnia IRREVERSIBLE

Question 30

T or F when percussing you will hear dull

Answer 30

FALSE it will be hyperressonant

Question 31

Major risk factor is? COPD

Answer 31

SMOKIGN

Question 32

What will you see in a pt with copd?

Answer 32

barrel chest , clubbing of nails, cyanosis, and accessory muscles

Question 33

Labs will show high O2 and low CO2?

Answer 33

False, low o2 and high co2

Question 34

treatment? COPD

Answer 34

-corticosteroids, bronchodilators, anticholinergic, O2

Question 35

What should a nurse do? COPD

Answer 35

monitor for Right sided heart failure, teach abdominal and pursued lip exercises, effective coughing, incentive spirometer (10x/ hour) -consume small meals, more protein and calories,

Question 36

ARDS: what is number one rf?

Answer 36

sepsis, systemic infections

Question 37

With pneumonia, what types are there?

Answer 37

community (CAP),hospital (HAP), and ventilator (VAP)

Question 38

Nosocomial is also known as what?

Answer 38

hospital acquired pneumonia which is 48 hr after admission

Question 39

Pneumonia

Answer 39

-inflammatory rxn in alveoli, causes exudate causing oxygen diffusion

Question 40

- air that is normally in pleural space is replaced with fluid

Answer 40

empyema

Question 41

What is the most common bacteria for typical pneumonia?

Answer 41

streptococcus pneumonia, S.aureus, mycoplasma pneumonia

Question 42

aspiration vs chemical pneumonia

Answer 42

-aspiration: inhalation of gastric fluid in lower airways -chemical: aspiraiton of gastric fluid causing inflammatory rxn

Question 43

What happens when a lung has collapsed?

Answer 43

-air enters the pleural cavity causing the lung to get smaller

Question 44

Primary vs Secondary pneumothorax

Answer 44

primary: happens out of nowhere without any other factors secondary: due to underlying pulmonary disease; severe dyspnea

Question 45

PSP occurs to people who are older, shorter and fluffier?

Answer 45

FALSE: young thin tall people

Question 46

Lung ___ and ____ stress are findings for PSP?

Answer 46

lung inflammation, oxidative stress

Question 47

open vs iatrogenic vs tension

Answer 47

Open: wound large enough where air can pass through thoracic cavity iatrogenic: due to procedures such as central line insertion, mech. ventilation tension:air enters and becomes trapped

Question 48

which type causes for the heart and great vessels to shift towards the unaffected side?

Answer 48

tension pneumothorax

Question 49

____ intrathoracic pressure ____ cardiac output and peripheral circulation?

Answer 49

-increased, decreases

Question 50

RF for pneumothorax

Answer 50

sub pleural blebs, smoking, genes, atmosphere pressure

Question 51

most common comordibity with pneumothorax is cystic fibrosis?

Answer 51

FALSE; COPD

Question 52

hypotension and distended neck veins are caused by what?

Answer 52

tension pneumothorax

Question 53

most common symptoms of pneumothorax?

Answer 53

severe chest pain that RADIATED TO SHOULDER , shortness of breath

Question 54

where is does a needle decompression happen?

Answer 54

in the second intercostal space

Question 55

people with SSP will need a thoracotomy tube places if its greater than __?

Answer 55

2 cm

Question 56

what are the types of hemothorax?

Answer 56

traumatic, iatrogenic and spontaneous

Question 57

spontaneous vs iatrogenic vs traumatic

Answer 57

-spontaneuous: due to congenital such as hemophilia -iatrogenic: central venous catheter/chest tube

Question 58

clinical presentation of hemothorax

Answer 58

-similar to pneumothorax: tachycardia, tachypnea, decreased breath sounds, dullness to percussion, hypotension,hypoxemia

Question 59

teachings/care

Answer 59

-encourage mobility, resp monitoring, thoracostomy