renal Flashcards
polycystic kidney disease
-autosomal dominant which causes fluid filled cysts on kidneys
signs PKD
abdominal distention, back pain, hematuria, HTN, palpable masses, proteinuria,nocturia.polyuria
treatment PKD
-NO CURE, analgesics, ACE inhibitors, ABx
procedures PKD
dialysis, nephrectomy, transplant
glomerulonephritis
inflammation glomeruli
what infections cause glomerularnephritis?
strep throat; the antigen antibodies complexes collect in the kidneys which destroy the cells
signs GLOMERULAR
oliguria, hypervolemia (HTN, dyspnea, crackles), brown urine,periorbital edema
labsGLOMERULAR
-HIGH: bun, creat, wbc,
-LOW: GFR
-urine: proteinuria, hematuria
treatmentGLOMERULAR
-abx, diuretics, corticosteroids (prednisone), anti HTN
procytox, rituxan
when a patient is experiencing kidney failure, what should be reduced from their diet?
protein
AKI, acute kidney injury
-reversible; loss of kidney function
what are the types of kidney failure?
-prerenal: low blood flow (sepsis)
-intrarenal: damage to kidney (chemical, hypoxic)
-postrenal: mechanical obstruction in ureters (stones, BPH, tumor
what are the phases of AKI?
-onset
-oliguria: less than 400 ml; edema, HTN, high K, low Na
-diaresis: lots of peeing
-recovery
meds/ nursing care AKI
-calcium glutinate , diuretics
-monitor I/Os, seizure precautions
Chronic Kidney Disease
- gradually happens, IRREVERSIBLE
risk factors CKD
-older age, dehydration, HTN, diabetes,AKI
signs CKD
-fluid overload, pruritus, jugular distention, edema , uremic frost, HTN,
-high K, Mg, P, BUN
-low calcium, Na
medsCKD
diuretics, Epstein alpha, phosphorous binding agent, Na polystyrene, supplements
teaching CKD
-avoid NSAIDs, contrast dye, Mg foods
-will need dialysis at end stage
