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1
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

-excessive hormone production
-can be caused by graves disease
-RF: DMT1, pernicious anemia,
-symp: swelling of eye tissues, tachycardia, fever, weight loss, heat intolerance, a fib, insomnia, tremors, loose bowel movement, BULGING EYES
-LOW TSH, HIGH T3/4
-treatment: beta blockers, anti thyroid meds PTU, eye drops (methylcellulose)

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2
Q

If it gets severe enough, it will lead to thyroid storm which is?

A
  • high temp (104-106), tachycardia, hypotension, systolic HTN, N/V
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3
Q

Death: early, middle and late stage?

A

-early: loss of mobility, decreased vein appetite, increased sleeping
-middle: brief period of wakefulness, noisy respirations “death rattle”
-late: fever w/ period of dyspnea, mottling of skin
-can range from 24 hrs-14 days

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3
Q
A
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4
Q

clinical vs biological death

A

-clinical: heart and lungs stop working but brain is viable can use CPR
-biological: brain is dead, no way of reviving, heart and lungs are on machines

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5
Q

what needs to happen for a person to be considered an organ donor?

A

brain dead

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6
Q

Palliative care vs hospice

A

palliative: comforting patient while receiving curative care
-hospice: making patient comfortable because they have less than 6 months to live

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7
Q

what is the normal level of HbA1c?

A

its 6.5-7

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8
Q

inflammation, ___, and excess ____ cause bronchospasm

A

edema, mucus

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9
Q

what are comorbidities with asthma?

A

rihinits , gerd, OSA, vocal cord dysfunction

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10
Q

People with Gerd will experience asthma with ?

A

large meals and acidic drinks

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11
Q

wheezing =?

A

bronchospasm

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12
Q

what happens if the person is unresponsive to therapy?

A

status asthmatics

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13
Q

what are signs and symptoms? status asthmatics

A

hypoxemia, hypercarbia, secondary resp failure, inability to speak, neck vein distention and pulses paradoxes ( decrease in systolic bp when inhaling(

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14
Q

treatment for status asthmaticus?

A

IV corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate
administer O2, albuterol, possibly intubation

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15
Q

OSA?

A

partial or complete collapse of air way, leading to low O2

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16
Q

People with what diseases are more prone to OSA

A

older age, DM, heart disease and postmeanopausal, and OBESITY,nasal obstruction, rhinitis, short mandible wide face base

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17
Q

A nurse should?
OSA

A

-dim lights, close door when sleeping
-admin humidified O2 for lungs
-position pt on one side and encourage deep breath exercises

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18
Q

Meds?
OSA

A

modainil (provigil): reduces daytime sleepiness
protriptyline (triptil): increases resp drive, and muscle tone

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19
Q

___ and ___ causes COPD?

A

-emphysema : destruction of alveoli
-chronic bronchitis:inflammation, mucus, hypoventilation hypoxemia, hypercapnia
IRREVERSIBLE

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20
Q

What will you see in a pt with copd?

A

barrel chest , clubbing of nails, cyanosis, and accessory muscles

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21
Q

What should a nurse do?
COPD

A

monitor for Right sided heart failure, teach abdominal and pursued lip exercises, effective coughing, incentive spirometer (10x/ hour)
-consume small meals, more protein and calories,

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22
Q

treatment?
COPD

A

-corticosteroids, bronchodilators, anticholinergic, O2

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23
Q

T or F
most common comordibity with pneumothorax is cystic fibrosis?

A

false: copd

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24
most common symptoms of pneumothorax?
severe chest pain that RADIATED TO SHOULDER , shortness of breath
25
RF for pneumothorax
sub pleural blebs, smoking, genes, atmosphere pressure
26
what can gerd lead to?
esophagitis, barrets esophagus, and cancer
27
Risk factors?GERD
obesity, smoking, ascites, hiatal hernia, older age
28
Signs?GERD
dyspepsia, bitter taste, chronic cough, burning
29
how is diagnosed?GERD
EGD, barium swallow, esophageal manometry
30
treatment?GERD
antacids, H2 receptor antagonists, PPIs
31
what surgery is used to treat GERD?
nissen fundoplication which is when they wrap the funds across the esophagus
32
ulcerative colitis vs crohns? signs?
-colitis: stool urgency, increased movement, noncturnal movement -crohns: rectal bleeding, decreased appetite,
33
cholecystitis
-inflammation of gallbladder which happens because of gallstones
34
risk factors? CHOLE
-high fat diet, genes, obesity, older age, female
35
signsCHOLE
-RUQ pain; radiates to right shoulder -pain when eating fatty foods -N/V, bloating, dyspepsia
36
LabsCHOLE
-high WBCs, AST, pancreatic enzymes
37
treatment/ nursing careCHOLE
-analgesics, lithotripsy, cholecystectomy -pancreatitis, peritonitis, low fat fat
38
T or F BNP level higher than 200 equals HF
-false it has to be higher than 400, less than 100 means no HF
39
T or F GI bleeding is the most common cause of anemia in older patients
true
40
expected findings in anemia
-fatigue, numbing in extremities, sensitivity to cold, spoon shaped nails, SOB
41
risk factors for osteoarthritis
-aging, joint injury, obesity, diabetes and blood disorder -its progressive deterioration of articular cartilage
42
signs and symptoms OA
-crepitus,hypertrophy of joint, heberden nodes (distal), bouchard node (proximal), not symmetrical, limping gait
43
what are strains, spring and contusions
soft tissue injuries
44
presentation and diagnosis of st injuries?
-pain, tenderness, swelling -plain x ray
45
risk factors of dementia?
-air pollution exposure -cardiovascular diseases -brain injury -unhealthy diet, fat
46
risk factors of delirium?
- dehydration, hospitalisation, prolonged heat, surgery
47
what are the types of cerebral edema?
theres vasogenic:seen in people with strokes; disrupting of blood brain barrier cellular/cytotoxic: interstitial: osmotic: seen in people with high hemoglobin
48
retinal detachment
-caues floaters, flashes of light, blurry vision
49
liver failure
-causes hyponatremia leads to confusion, delirium aphasia, N/V -will see spider nevi, increased bruising, fatigue, loss of appetite, dark urine, clay colored poop
50
how can patients prevent renal calculi?
-DASH diet (diet approach to stop HTN) -reduce protein/salt, increase water and activity level
51
nursing assessment of renal calculi
-ask about excerise habits, diet, hydration, and if have other diseases such as HTN, diabetes, or gout. -pain assessment -ask if they have N/V, fever, chills or hematuria
51
UTI
-caused by E.coli -RF: catheters, sex, poor hygiene, frequent pelvic exams, DM 1&2, immunocompromised, and pregnancy -can develop urosepsis if untreated -in older adults can be seen as lack of appetite, lethargy or low grade fever -signs: increased urgency/frequency, dysuria, hematuria, subprapubic pain, back pain, N/V, chills, -shower no baths
52
urinary retentions risk factors
-constipation, BPH, pelvic organ prolapse, females over 50, DM , pelvic trauma, and history of pelvic surgery
53
iron deficiency anemia RF
-people who had gastric bypass, pregnant people, adults over 50, poor children and women (due to diet), blood loss
54
CML
-part of chromosome moves to philadelphia chromosome; not passed down from parent -rf: older age, male, radiation therapy -signs: fatigued, weight loss, fever, pain on LEFT side,night sweats -treated with chemo with or without stem cell transplant, surgery
55
how is hydrostatic pressure determined?
-its the pressure that is exerted on the vessels/capillaries
56
causes of metabolic acidosis
-DKA, salicylates, uremia, kidney disease, iron, metformin,mathanol, carbon monoxide poisoning and liver failure
57
ABGs of COPD
- acidic pH, high CO2, low O2, normal bicarb
58
risk factors of peritonitis
-cirrhosis of liver, ulcerative colitis, stomach ulcer, pelvic inflammatory disease, peritoneal dialysis, appendicitis, diverticulitis, pancreatitis, or a weakened immune system.
59
beta blockers and alpha adrenergic blocker can cause people to get anaphylactic shock
true
60
prostate cancer risk factors
-older than 50, family history, BRCA 1/2 mutation, and high fat consumption, smoking, increased body weight
61
how can open fractures affect a patient?
- since it breaks the skin, it puts the higher risk for infection; will need antibiotics
61
how does osteoporosis affect the spine?
-it will lead to kyphosis, lordosis, SOB,and compression on abdominal cavity
62
what type of stress will caregivers experience?
-financial, physical, emotional
63
what exercises help patients w/ spinal stenosis?
walking, cycling, swimming and weight training
64
risk factors of retinal detachment
-changes in vitreous humor, diabetic retinopathy, eye tumors, traumatic eye injuries, lupus, family history, previous cataract lens removal, nearsightedness
65
symptoms of retinal detachment
-blurry vision, seeing flashes of light )photopsia, floating dark spots
66
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Med Surg (7 decks)

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