Respiratory

Question 1

what is the most common causative organism for pneumonia?

Answer 1

strep pneumoniae (80%) of cases

Question 2

In a patient with pneumonia, recent influenza infection is most associated with which organism?

Answer 2

staph aureus

Question 3

which organism often causes pneumonia in alcoholics?

Answer 3

klebsiella pneumoniae

Question 4

which organism often causes pneumonia in patients with HIV?

Answer 4

pneumocystis jiroveci

Question 5

what are the new asthma treatment guidelines (2024) for adults with asthma?

Answer 5

1) Low dose ICS/formoterol combination inhaler (termed anti-inflammatory reliever therapy: AIR) to be taken PRN

2) Low dose MART (maintenance and reliever therapy)
- Take daily and PRN

3) Moderate dose MART

4) Check FeNO and blood eosinophil count
- If raised, refer to specialist
- if neither raised, try moderate dose MART with LTRA or LAMA (if doesn’t improve, try the LTRA/LAMA that hasn’t be tried yet)

5) Refer to specialist

Question 6

what is the most common causative organism of pneumonia in patients with COPD?

Answer 6

haemophilus influenza

Question 7

what are the different severities of acute asthma?

Answer 7

1) moderate
PEF 50-75%
RR <25
HR <110
speech normal

2) severe
PEF 33-50%
RR >25
HR >110
can’t speak in full sentences

3) life-threatening
PEF <33%
Oxygen sats <92%
Silent chest, cyanosis, feeble effort, bradycardia, hypotension
Exhaustion, confusion, coma

Question 8

what are the features of granulomatosis with polyangiitis?

Answer 8

• epistaxis
• sinusitis
• haemoptysis
• rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis
• saddle-shaped nose deformity