Ophthalmology

Question 1

what is anterior uveitis (aka iritis)?

Answer 1

1) inflammation of uvea (iris and ciliary bodies)
2) acute onset eye pain, small/irregular pupil (due to muscle contraction), blurring, photophobia, lacrimation
3) associated with HLA B27- ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, UC, Crohn’s, Behcet’s, sarcoidosis
4) tx urgent ophthalmology review
- steroids drops and cycloplegics

Question 2

anterior uveitis is associated with which antigen?

Answer 2

HLA B27

Question 3

what is Hutchinson’s sign?

Answer 3

vesicles extending to tip of nose, associated with ophthalmic involvement in shingles

Question 4

what is age-related macular degeneration?

Answer 4

degeneration of central retinal (macula) photoreceptors resulting in formation of drusen

Question 5

what are the risk factors for ARMD?

Answer 5

1) age
2) smoking
3) family history
4) CV risk factors- HTN, high cholesterol, diabetes

Question 6

what is the most common cause of optic neuritis?

Answer 6

multiple sclerosis

other causes: diabetes, syphilis

Question 7

what is a relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD)?

Answer 7

pupil dilates when light shone into it instead of constricting

Question 8

how do you treat dry vs wet macular degeneration?

Answer 8

no cure, but options to slow progression of disease:

dry= zinc + vitamin A, C, E

wet= anti-VEGF injections