Respiratory

Question 1

What conditions have a high FENO?

Answer 1

Asthma

Question 2

What conditions have a high DLCO?

Answer 2

• Asthma
• Polycythaemia

Question 3

What conditions have a reduced DLCO?

Answer 3

• COPD
• ILD
• PE
• Neuromuscular Disease
• Anaemia
• Heart Failure

Question 4

What conditions have a normal DLCO?

Answer 4

Obesity

Question 5

Causes of Raised A-a Gradient

Answer 5

V/Q Mismatch
R/L Shunt
Diffusion defect

Question 6

A-a Gradient formula

Answer 6

(150 - PaCO2/0.8) - PaO2
Normal = 5-10mmHg for young adult, add 1mmHg for each decade of life

Question 7

Risk Factors for EGFR mutant Lung Cancer

Answer 7

Asian
Female
Non smoker

Question 8

Most common mutation in non small cell lung cancer

Answer 8

KRAS

Question 9

Most common histopathological subtype of lung cancer

Answer 9

Adenocarcinoma

Question 10

Which type of lung cancer are EGFR and ALK mutations present in?

Answer 10

Adenocarcinoma

Question 11

Which type of lung cancer ar CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 mutations present in?

Answer 11

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Question 12

When considering Fleischner Guidelines, what patient factors would make a patient high risk?

Answer 12

Heavy smoking
Older age
Upper lobe
Irregular/spiculated margin

Question 13

Follow up for single solid nodule <6mm

Answer 13

Low risk: no routine follow up
High risk: Consider CT at 12 months particularly if suspicious