Geriatrics

Question 1

Risk Factors for Mild Cognitive Impairment

Answer 1

Age
Male
Low SES
Vzascular Risk Factors
Family history cognitive impairment
Apolipoprotein E allele
Sedentary lifestyle
Comorbidities

Question 2

What proportion of Amnestic MCI progresses to AD each year?

Answer 2

5-16%

Question 3

What percentage of MCI reverts to normal cognition, and what factors are associated with this?

Answer 3

30-50% revert

Factors associated:
- Single cognitive domain
- Normal hippocampal volume
- Depression
- Anticholinergic burden
- Higher cognitive scores
- Absence of apolipoprotein E

Question 4

What are the cerebral changes that occur with exercise?

Answer 4

Increased grey matter volume in hippocampal and frontal regions

Increased neurotrophic factors

Increased cerebral blood flow

Question 5

Cholinesterase inhibitors and MCI

Answer 5

No evidence of benefit

Question 6

Key genetic risk factors for Alzheimer’s Dementia

Answer 6

Familial AD:
- AD inheritance, early onset <65
- Mutations: APP, PSEN1, PSEN 2
- Also Trisomy 21

Late onset AD
- APOE4 allele key genetic risk factor
- However 75% with allele do not develop AD, and only 50% of those with AD have the mutation