Respiratory

Question 1

Formula for oxygenation index

Answer 1

((MAP x FIO2)/postductal paO2) x 100

Question 2

Formula for Alveolar Arterial gradient

Answer 2

[FiO2 x (pB-pH2O)] - (paCO2/0.8) - pO2

Question 3

Most common organisms associated with chorioamnionitis

Answer 3

Ureaplasma and mycoplasma species

Question 4

Postnatal steroid effects on the alveoli

Answer 4

Arrest alveolar septation and micro vascular development

Question 5

How does meconium aspiration lead to pulmonary vasoconstriction

Answer 5

Meconium injury can trigger the release of vasoconstrictors such as endothelin-1, thromboxane A2, and prostaglandin E2

Question 6

Typical pH, WBC count, and LDH of exudative effusions

Answer 6

<7.4, WBC > 1000, LDH > 200 units/L

Question 7

Chylothorax transudate or exudate

Answer 7

Transudate

Question 8

Typical pH, WBc count, and LDH of transudative fluid

Answer 8

pH > 7.4, WBC < 1000 cells/microL, LDH <200 units/L

Question 9

Formula for Mean Airway Pressure

Answer 9

[K(PIP-PEEP) x (I time/ I time + E time)] + PEEP

Question 10

10 mmHg increase in CO2 results what change in pH

Answer 10

0.08 unit drop in pH

Question 11

Hydrops develops in 15-75% of CPAM cases, when the CVR is greater than what number

Answer 11

1.6

CVR= cpam mass to head ratio

Question 12

What has the biggest effect on fetal breathing movements?

Answer 12

Hypercapnia

Question 13

Calculation of time constant

Answer 13

Compliance x resistance

Question 14

Calculating physiologic dead space with alveolar and mixed expired CO2 concentrations

Answer 14

TV x (Alveolar CO2- (Mixed expired CO2/ alveolar CO2)

Taco, paco, peco, paco

Question 15

Resistance is proportional to _____ in laminar flow and ______ in turbulent flow

Answer 15

Viscosity; density