Cardiology

Question 1

Formula for shunt equation

Answer 1

Qs/Qt = (pulm capillary O2 content- pulm arterial O2 content)/ (pulm capillary O2 content- pulm venous O2 content)

Question 2

Calculation of Qp/Qs

Answer 2

(Aortic O2 - MV O2) / (PV O2 - PA O2)

Aortic O2- saturation by pulse ox
PV O2- 100% (without lung disease)
If single ventricle, PA O2=Aortic O2

Question 3

Most common type of atrial septal defect

Answer 3

Osteum secundum (70%)

Question 4

Where in the atrium is the osteum primum

Answer 4

Low in the atrial septum and close to the atrioventricular valves

Question 5

In which EKG leads is it OK to have Q waves?

Answer 5

II, III, aVF, V5, and V6

Question 6

In which leads are Q waves concerning for ALCAPA

Answer 6

I, aVL, V4, V5, and V6

Question 7

Calculation of cardiac Index

Answer 7

VO2 / [(Hgb)(13.6)((Ao-SVC/100))]

Question 8

Calculation of PVR

Answer 8

(PAp - LAp)/ Qp

Question 9

Which ventricle provides more cardiac output, in utero

Answer 9

Right

Question 10

What structural defect is most commonly associated with an accessory pathway?

Answer 10

Ebstein’s anomaly

Question 11

Medication for long QT syndrome

Answer 11

Beta blocker