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Anatomy and Physiology > RESPIRATORY > Flashcards

RESPIRATORY Flashcards

1
Q

atmospheric air of lungs to blood

A

External

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2
Q

gases from blood to cell

A

Internal

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3
Q

the movement of the air into and out of
the lungs

A

Ventilation

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4
Q

Diffusion of gases across the cell
membrane

A

Respiration

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5
Q

Delivers oxygen to make ATP, ATP
get rids of toxic

A

Cellular Respiration

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6
Q

too much CO2

A

Acidic

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7
Q

too much O2

A

Alkalotic

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8
Q

Normal pH

A

7.35 – 7.45

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9
Q

Normal PaCO2

A

45-35

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10
Q

Normal HCO3

A

22-26

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11
Q

sinus can influence voice

A

Voice production

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12
Q

under cranial nerve I

A

Olfaction

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13
Q

covers all the mucus membrane

A

Protection

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14
Q

nasal down to the larynx

A

Upper respiratory tract

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15
Q

the one that is a visible structure &
composed of hyalin cartilage

A

External nose

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16
Q

nostrils

A

Nares

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17
Q

exterior opening to the pharynx

A

Choanae

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18
Q

separates the oral cavity & supported
by bone

A

Hard palate

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19
Q

increase the surface area of the mucosa
exposed to the air

A

Conchae

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20
Q

drain tears from the eyes & empty into the nasal cavities

A

Nasolacrimal duct

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21
Q

warms the air as it flows

A

Nasal cavity is lined with
respiratory mucosa

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22
Q

destroy bacteria
▪ Paranasal sinuses (maxillary, sphenoid,
ethmoid, frontal)

A

Lysozyme enzymes in the
mucus

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23
Q

muscular passageway about 13 cm
(5 inches)

A

Pharynx (throat)

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24
Q

superior portion from the pharynx
to the uvula

A

Nasopharynx

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25
Q

middle portion of the pharynx & the
superior of the larynx

A

Oropharynx

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26
Q

softer portion of the root of the mouth

A

Soft palate

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27
Q

behind the soft palate; can be felt
by the tongue

A

Hard palate

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28
Q

valve that closes the
nasopharynx off when you eat to prevent food from going up to the nasopharynx

A

Soft palate + uvula

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29
Q

covers superior larynx, epiglottis, esophagus

A

Laryngopharynx

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30
Q

acts like a lid that seals the airway off
when you’re eating

A

Epiglottis

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31
Q

also known as the voice box

A

Larynx

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32
Q

shield cartilage, Adam’s apple, both women and men have it

A

Thyroid cartilage

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33
Q

single piece cartilage, wherein the rest of the cartilage rest and lies

A

Cricoid cartilage

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34
Q

found in the superior boarded of the posterior cartilage, provides articulation

A

Arytenoid cartilage

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35
Q

contains the mucus membrane anterior to the corniculate cartilage

A

Cuneiform cartilage-

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36
Q

in between the cuneiform and arytenoid cartilage

A

Corniculate cartilage

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37
Q

houses the thyroid hormones

A

Parathyroid glands

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38
Q

Lower respiratory tract

A
  • Trachea to alveoli
39
Q

15-20 c-shaped rings made of hyaline
cartilage

A

Trachea

40
Q

fight or flight; stimulates B2 adrenergic receptors to increase the diameter of the airways

A

Sympathetic nerves

41
Q

rest & digest; stimulates muscarinic receptor to decrease diameter of the hair ways

A

Parasympathetic nerves

42
Q

point where they split

A

Carina

43
Q

Right lung has 3 lobes

A

upper lobe, middle lobe, lower lobe

44
Q

Left lung has 2 lobes

A

upper lobe & lower lobe

45
Q

secrete glycosaminoglycans

A

Club cells

46
Q

it supplies each lobe of the lung that
is divided by fissures

A

Lumbar bronchi

47
Q

tertiary bronchi

A

Segmental bronchi

48
Q

– More smooth muscles, less cartilage

A

Bronchiole

49
Q

More smooth muscles, no cartilage

A

Terminal bronchus

50
Q

site of external respiration, over 500 million
alveoli are located in the lungs approximately 250 micrometer

A

Alveoli

51
Q

protect the lungs from collapsing, air-water interface, reduce surface friction to keep the alveoli open, contains lipoprotein

A

Surfactant secreting cells

52
Q

forms 90% of alveolar cells, most of the gas exchange occurs

A

Squamous epithelium cells

53
Q

arise from the bronchus, door ways
to the alveoli (final destination of the inhaled air)

A

Alveolar duct

54
Q

secretes surfactant; decreases
surface tension & keeps alveoli open;
regenerate & replace damaged cells

A

Type II

55
Q

eat away the foreign particles

A

Alveolar macrophages

56
Q

connects to more alveoli at the
end of the alveolar duct

A

Alveolar sacs

57
Q

space enclosed by the Jurassic wall
and the

A

Thoracic cavity

58
Q

occupy the entire thoracic activity; primary
organ for respiration

A

Lungs

59
Q

lower portion, base portion of the lungs

A

Diaphragm

60
Q

apex, upper portion of the lungs

A

Clavicle

61
Q

– root of the lung

A

Helium

62
Q

– located in the left lung, provides
room for the heart, 10 inches

A

Cardiac Notch

63
Q

keeper of the heart, 10 inches

A

Left lung

64
Q

– each pleural cavity houses each lung

A

Pleural cavity

65
Q

– lines the thoracic cavity

A

Parietal pleura

66
Q

surface of each lung is covered with its own visceral serosa

A

Visceral or pulmonary pleura

67
Q

sum of 2 or more volumes

A

Capacity

68
Q

diaphragm contracts

A

Inhale

69
Q

Muscle relax

A

Exhale

70
Q

➔ Air into and out of the lungs

A

Tidal volume (500 mL)

71
Q

Amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled
beyond tidal expiration

A

Expiratory reverse volume (1100 mL at rest)

72
Q

➔ Air still remaining in the respiratory passage and cannot be voluntarily expelled
➔ Allows gas exchange to go on continuously even between breaths and helps to keep the alveoli open (inflated)

A

Residual volume (1200 mL)

73
Q

Amount of air that can be taken in forcibly above the tidal volume

A

Inspiratory reserve volume (3000 mL)

74
Q

– summation of the 2-3 of the volumes

A

Pulmonary capacity

75
Q

Inspiratory capacity

A

TV + IRV

76
Q

Vital capacity

A

IRV + TV + ERV (4600 mL)

77
Q

Total lung capacity

A

– RV + RRV + TV + IRV (5800 Ml)

78
Q

Functional residual capacity

A

RV + ERV (2300 mL)

79
Q

➔ Dorsal respiratory group
➔ Ventral respiratory group

A

Medulla respiratory center

80
Q

establishing the rhythm of
the respirations

A

Pre-Botzinger complex

81
Q

regulates respiratory rate
(12-16 cycles per minute)

A

Pontine respiratory group

82
Q

more oxygen is in the lungs than the release of carbon dioxide

A

Hyperventilation

83
Q

– decrease oxygen in the tissue

A

Hypoxia

84
Q

decreased oxygen in the blood

A

Hypoxemia

85
Q

controls the capacity in the lungs to not
over-inflate

A

Hering- Breur

86
Q

– buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood
stream

A

Hypercapnia

87
Q

– decreased in alveolar & blood carbon
dioxide

A

Hypocapnia

88
Q

common type of pulmonary function or
breathing test

A

Spirometry

89
Q

– diagnostic device that measures the
amount of air you’re able to breathe in and out

A

▪ Spirometer

90
Q

– rapid breathing

A

Tachypnea

91
Q

low breathing pattern

A

Bradypnea

92
Q

groups of quick, shallow inspirations followed by regular or irregular periods of
apnea (which is a temporary stop in breathing)

A

Biot’s breathing pattern

93
Q

– stokes pattern – gradual increase in depth and sometimes speed of respiration (inhaling and exhaling), followed by a decrease resulting in temporary stop in breathing known as apnea

A

Cheyne

94
Q
A

Anatomy and Physiology (8 decks)

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