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Anatomy and Physiology > ENDOCRINE > Flashcards

ENDOCRINE Flashcards

1
Q

controls the nutrient and
energy production

A

Metabolism

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2
Q

small gland, lies in the optic
chiasm, connects to the hypothalamus

A

Pituitary gland

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3
Q

appears more reddish because it is
surrounded by a high vascular membrane

A

Thyroid gland

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4
Q

composed of a simple ___
made up of lobes → isthmus – connects 2
lobes

A

Thyroid follicle

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5
Q

Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism

A

T3

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6
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

TSH

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7
Q
  • Released in parapolicular cells in the
    thyroid
  • Released when calcium in blood is
    high
  • Used to lower down calcium level in
    order to maintain blood level
A

Calcitonin

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8
Q
A
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9
Q

– very
essential in regulation of calcium /
ensure there is a reabsorption of
calcium into the bones / storehouse
of vitamin D /

A

Parathyroid gland

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10
Q

superior portion of the kidneys

A

Adrenal gland

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11
Q

inner part / storehouse of epinephrine (blood rate) and norepinephrine (blood flow) / 80% epinephrine, 20%
norepinephrine / fight and flight responses

A

Adrenal medulla

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12
Q

outer part which is important when there is a foreign invasion

A

Adrenal cortex

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13
Q

regulates ion in the bloods through
aldestorone

A

Mineralocorticoids

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14
Q

a lover of water,
potassium x water

A

Sodium

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15
Q

provide energy for the cell by stimulating lipids → cortisol

A

Glucocorticoids

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16
Q

related to blood glucose level / WBC

A

Cortisol

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17
Q

responsible for the male secondary sex

A

Androgens

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18
Q

focuses on early pregnancy, ovulation, released during the proliferative phase

A

Estrogen

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19
Q

enlargement of the endometrial cells, maintains pregnancy and nutrition of the uterus, secretory phase

A

Progesterone

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19
Q

sex development of male, functions in maturation in permatocides

A

Testosterone

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19
Q
A
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20
Q

posterior portion of the
thalamus, pine cone shaped

A

Pineal gland

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21
Q

inhibits reproductive system, activates to stop luteinizing hormone in order to preserve uterus and ensure proper hormone exchange with the fetus, aids your sleep (sleep pill hormone)

A

Melatonin

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22
Q

sleep precursor, px with depression, manic depression = low serotonin

A

Serotonin

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23
Q

Hormones are set in motion. They are powerful molecules.

A

ENDOCRINOLOGY

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24
Q

non-polar, fatty acid derivative
hormone, needs protein to bind

A

Lipid soluble

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25
Q

– polar, can directly dissolve in
the blood and circulate freely, does not need protein to bind

A

Water soluble

26
Q

secreted in the cells in a local
area, influences the same cell type it is
secreted from (ex. ecosanoids),
autoimmune, target is WBC

A

Autocrine

27
Q

– produced in a wide variety tissue
secreted in the ECF, localized effect in the
tissue (ex. histamine), allergy and parasitic
invasion

A

Paracrine

28
Q

secreted by the
neurons, secreted into a synaptic cleft, it is
only limited to travel in a short distance (ex.
acetylcholine, dopamine)

A

Neurotransmitters

29
Q

secreted by a specialized cell,
travels to reach a tissue, coordination and
regulation of the body’s functionality

A

Endocrine

30
Q

body fluids (ex. blood),
molecules and ions in the bloodstream (ex.
Insulin – released in the pancreas)

A

Humoral

31
Q

involves neural stimuli,
neuropeptides – affects hypothalamus,
epinephrine and norepinephrine → fight or
flight response, anything that affects the
brain and the hypothalamus

A

Neutral

32
Q

stimulates the hormones of
other hormones, anterior pituitary gland, an example is luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone

A

Hormonal

33
Q

– when the body sees
that there is a high level of hormones, it
would send signal to the brain opposite to
the stimuli

A

Negative feedback

34
Q

– when the body diagnose decrease in the hormone, it would send signal to the brain in order to resuscitate that low level of hormone

A

Positive feedback

35
Q

posterior to
hypothalamus

A

Anterior pituitary gland

36
Q

– increase blood
glucose level, ATP, bones and
muscles, target organ is tissues

A

Growth hormone

37
Q

follicle maturation, sperm production
for male, target organ is ovary

A

Follicle stimulating hormones

38
Q

promotes ovulation, target is ovary

A

Luteinizing hormone

39
Q

adrenal gland

A

ACTH

40
Q

milk production, target is
mammary gland

A

Prolactin

41
Q

skin pigmentation,
suppressing/depressing when using
whitening drugs, target is skin

A

MSH

42
Q

increases uterine
contraction, helps mothers to contract
(at the peak), target is uterus and
mammary gland, release the breast
milk

A

Oxytocin

43
Q

– diuresis → water
absorption/reabsorption, constriction
of blood vessels, target is kidney,
used when there is water retention

A

ADH

44
Q

decreases the calcium in
the blood, has an effect in the
increase of calcium in the bone

A

Calcitonin

45
Q

– brings the calcium going to the
bones, important in osteoclast
formation, maintenance of calcium bc
of the presence of vitamin D

A

PH

46
Q

sleep and inhibit the
reproduction, target is hypothalamus

A

Melatonin

47
Q

dilutional hyponatremia → bc of
overaccumulation of fluid/sodium, the only
case that the priority of the px is decreasing
sodium

A

Siadh

48
Q

the px is experience a decreased ADH

A

Diabetic Insipidus

49
Q

going up, high,

A

Cushings

50
Q

going down, low vital signs

A

Addisons

51
Q

High T3, T4

A

low TSH

52
Q

Normal T3

A

1.2 to 3.4

53
Q

Normal T4

A

64 to 105

54
Q

Normal TSH

A

4 to 5.2

55
Q

polyurinating, heat
intolerance

A

Hyperthyroidism

56
Q

cold intolerance,

A

Hypothyroidism

57
Q

cannot be prevented, more on
genetics, insulin, DKA

A

Type I

58
Q

secondary to your lifestyle, obesity, high glucose cannot be compensated with insulin (last resort), medication = OHA

A

Type II

59
Q

Normal glucose level

A

80 to 100

60
Q

110

A

prediabetic

61
Q

120

A

diabetic

62
Q

blood pH is acidic, requires isotonic
solutions and IV insulin

A

DKA

63
Q

blood pH is normal, insulin

A

HHS

Anatomy and Physiology (8 decks)

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