MICROPARA

Question 1

use light source & set of lenses to magnify an object

Answer 1

Light Microscope

Question 2

use a beam of electrons by a system of magnetic fields

Answer 2

Electric microscope

Question 3

use a laser light to illuminate one plane of a specimen at a time

Answer 3

Confocal

Question 4

How many dimensions in confocal microscope

Answer 4

2-and 3-dimensional images of cells for biomedical applications

Question 5

use a sound wave of specific frequency that travels thru the specimen with a portion
being reflected when it hits an interface within the material.

Answer 5

Scanning acoustic microscope

Question 6

In scanning acoustic microscope, to examine living cells attached to another surface,

Answer 6

cancer cells, artery plaque,
and biofilms.

Question 7

use a thin material probe that scans a specimen and produces an image revealing bumps
and depressions of the atoms on the surface of the specimen. Resolving power much
greater than EM and no special preparation required

Answer 7

Scanned-probe Microscopes

Question 8

Types of microscopy

Answer 8

Bright Field Microscopy, Dark-Field Microscopy, Fluorescence Microscopy, Phase-contrast Microscopy, Electron Microscopy

Question 9

Bright Field Microscopy
Magnification:
Appearance to specimen :
Useful application

Answer 9

1000-2k
Stained color
Gross morpho - bacteria yeast molds algae and protozoa

Question 10

Dark field microscopy
Magnification:
Appearance to specimen :
Useful application:

Answer 10

1-2k
Unstained lighted
Living state and fluid suspension

Question 11

Fluorescence microscopy
Magnification:
Appearance to specimen :
Useful application:

Answer 11

1-2k
Bright and colored
Fluorescence dyed fixed to reveal identity

Question 12

Phase contrast Magnification:
Appearance to specimen :
Useful application:

Answer 12

1-2k
Degress darkness
Cellular structures

Question 13

Electron MicroscopyMagnification:
Appearance to specimen :
Useful application:

Answer 13

200k-400k
Viewed on fluorescence screen
Virus & ultrastructure of microbial cells

Question 14

suspends living microorganisms in a drop or film of
liquid

Answer 14

Wet-Mount and Hanging-Drop Techniques

Question 15

involves drying & staining a thin layer of the
specimen for easy viewing

Answer 15

Staining techniques

Question 16

3 staining methods

Answer 16

Simple, differential, negative

Question 17

uses a single dye to stain bacteria or other microorganisms
■ Stains cells uniformly

Answer 17

Simple staining

Question 18

Uses more than one dye to stain microbial cells or parts of cells
■ Able to show differences between microbial cells or parts of cells

Answer 18

Differential

Question 19

for the bacterium causing tuberculosis
(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)

Answer 19

Acid fast staining

Question 20

used to stain specific cellular structures that are
not usually stained by Gram staining (e.g.
endospore-, flagella- & capsule-staining)

Answer 20

Structural

Question 21

Steps in Preparation of Stained Microbial
Specimen for Microscopic Examination

Answer 21

Preparation of
Smear
Fixation by
heat
Staining with
one or more
dyes

Question 22

Microbial cells are unstained and made visible because the
background is dark
■ Specimen mixed with India ink and spread into thin film

Answer 22

Negative staining

Question 23

Informations Used to
Characterize Microorganisms

Answer 23

*Morphological characteristics
■ Nutritional & cultural characteristics
■ Metabolic characteristics
■ Genetic characteristics
■ Pathogenic characteristics
■ Antigenic characteristics

Question 24

the ability to cause disease

Answer 24

Pathogenic

Question 25

the ability to elicit antibody formation

Answer 25

Antigenic characteristics

Question 26

Categories of microscope

Answer 26

Leccs