respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

asthma

A

chronic disease, airflow obstruction, inflammation, hyper-responsiveness

chronic airflow limitation (CAL)

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2
Q

asthma incidence, etiology, risks

A

5 million under age 18
allergy, esophageal reflux, male, genetics, elderly, urban areas, ethnicity

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3
Q

asthma clinical manifestations

A

wheezing, chest tightness, dyspnea, SOB, no wheezing if blocked, cough, tachycardia, diaphoresis, anxiety, panic, mood changes, hyperventilation

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4
Q

bronchodilators

A

short acting= albuterol
long acting= salmeterol
increases smooth muscle relaxation, no effect on inflammation, increase fluid intake, take 5 minutes before other inhaled drugs
monitor HR

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5
Q

methylxanthines

A

long acting
theophylline= most common med
dilates bronchi, used when other drugs are ineffective, can build up and cause toxicity

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6
Q

cholinergic antagonists

A

intermediate acting
ipratropium= most common
adverse reactions= increased HR

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7
Q

anti inflammatory drugs

A

corticosteroids
long acting, local or systemic
pulmicort/flovent/azmacort= most common
significant S/E= delayed wound healing, personality changes, fluid retention
taper doses, rinse mouth

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8
Q

asthma complications

A

pneumonia, atelectasis, hypoxemia, respiratory acidosis, respiratory failure, emphysema, chronic hypoxia, chronic bronchitis, asthmaticus

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9
Q

COPD

A

emphysema and chronic bronchitis
Symptoms: worsening breathlessness upon exertion, leads to breathlessness at rest

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10
Q

COPD etiology/ risk factors

A

smoking, alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, air pollution, occupational exposure, infection
3 million deaths each year

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11
Q

clinical manifestations of COPD

A

distended neck veins, right ventricular enlargement, lower sternal pulsations, GI disturbance, weight loss, dependent edema, metabolic and resp acidosis, pulmonary hypertension, hypoxia, fatigue, weak, enlarged/tender liver, bounding pulse, warm cyanotic extremities, cough

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12
Q

oxygen therapy for COPD

A

heated, humidified system
clear secretions
monitor liter flow and effectiveness with pulse ox., oxygen toxicity and oxygen induced hypoventilation, skin breakdown, anxiety
teach at home use

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13
Q

COPD complications

A

pulmonary hypertension, cardiac dysrhythmias, pneumonia, atelectasis, pneumothorax, bronchospasm, RF

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14
Q

emphysema

A

increased ventilatory “dead space”, hyperinflation of the lung, loss of elasticity, increased mucus, destruction of alveolar walls, alveoli collapse, spontaneous pneumothorax, chest tube for re-expansion of lung
caused by smoking, genetics, pollution

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15
Q

emphysema clinical manifestations

A

severe SOB at rest
O2 level below 40mmHg
chronic productive cough
barrel chest
wheezing, crackles, rhonchi
diminished breath sounds
tachypnea
hypoxia
hypoxemia
hypercapnia
fatigue
anorexia

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16
Q

emphysema complications

A

hypoxemia, acidosis, cardiac dysrhythmias, pneumonia, atelectasis, pneumothorax, cardiac failure, respiratory failure