PVD

Question 1

PVD (peripheral venous disease)

Answer 1

disease of the arteries and veins (upper and lower extremities)
elevate extremities
stasis of blood in lower extremities (damage, obstruction)
muscle pumping action during activity is not sufficient to help pump blood to the heart

Question 2

venous insufficiency nursing care

Answer 2

thigh high stockings when awake
elevate legs above heart when sleeping (and for 20 min, 4x/day)
avoid crossing legs, prolonged sitting or standing
daily walks
no warm soaks, avoid topical therapy, high calorie and high protein diet

Question 3

clinical manifestations of PVD

Answer 3

reddish blue discoloration, muscle cramps, increased pain with ambulation, dilated superficial veins with edema, mild ankle swelling or heaviness, erythema, lipodermatosclerosis, stasis dermis/ulcers

Question 4

Signs and symptoms arterial insufficiency

Answer 4

claudication numbness and tingling, decreased or absent pulses bilaterally, pale elevated leg and dusky/red when dependent, cool, absent or mild edema, dry skin, ulcers on toes and gangrene

Question 5

Signs and symptoms venous insufficiency

Answer 5

feeling of fullness with prolonged sitting or standing, difficult to find pulse, cyanotic on dependency, warm, edema present, moist skin, superficial ulcers with gangrene

Question 6

pulmonary embolism and risk factors

Answer 6

occurs when a blood clot gets lodged into an artery
risk factors: venous stasis, hormone treatment therapy, fracture (fat embolus)

Question 7

embolectomy

Answer 7

removal of the embolus to remove an obstruction and improve circulation

Question 8

pulmonary embolism signs and symptoms

Answer 8

chest pain, tachycardia, dyspnea, dry cough, blood tinged sputum, petechiae, hypotension, low grade fever

Question 9

pulmonary embolism treatment

Answer 9

monitor for bleeding in urine or tarry stool, teeth brushing
anticoagulants (heparin, warfarin)
complete bed rest