hematology Flashcards
hemorrhagic anemia
mosy common type
nutritional anemia
most common type worldwise
iron deficiency (microcytic)
folic deficiency (megaloblastic)
B12 deficiency (pernicious)
hypoproliferative anemia
underproduction of RBCs by the bone marrow
marrow unable to produce
adequate amount of RBCs
hemolytic anemia
increased destruction of circulating RBCs
RES destroys RBC
anemia clinical manifestations
chronic: asymptomatic, fatigue
mild: (hgb 10-12) asymptomatic fatigue
moderate (hgb 6-10) fatigue, dyspnea, palpitation, tachycardia, diaphoresis on exertion
severe: chronic fatigue, severe symptoms, peripheral edema
anemia diagnostics
history and physical
CBC
reticulocyte count
coagulation screening (INR, PT, PTT)
bone marrow aspiration
iron deficiency microcytic (small rbc)
most common type worldwide
total body iron content
decreased
microcytic anemia risk factors
blood loss
hemorrhoids
menstruating and pregnant
adolescents children infants
microcytic anemia nursing care
diet rich in eggs, meat, leafy greens, liver (best source), vit c mineral milk, fiber, soy, coffee, tea
supplemental iron (rinse, straws)
Z track injections
monitor for dark tarry stools (can indicate internal bleeding)
avoid antacids
folate deficiency anemia (megaloblastic)
abnormally large RBC with altered shape, size, function- cannot carry O3
does not effect nervous system
risk factors” alcohol, seizure prevention meds, genetics chron’s, celiac disease) infants
megaloblastic treatment/ diet
oral dietary supplements (folic acid from diet, vit b)
treat underlying condition
decrease alcohol and increase folic acid
megaloblastic symptoms
decreased appetite, irritable, fatigue, diarrhea, glossitis, pallor
b12 deficiency (pernicious anemia) diet
diet of meat, fish, fortified cereal, tofu
pernicious anemia risk factors
decreased b12 malabsorption
ileal resection
chrohns disease
gastrectomy
hereditary lack of intrinsic factor
vegans
autoimmune
anything harming gastric lining
pernicious anemia symptoms
slow onset
decreased mental status
peripheral neuropathy
glossitis (beefy red tongue)
mood swings
decreased CO
decreased RBC, hgb Hct
vitiligo and greying hair