respiratory

Question 1

process of gas exchange in the body

Answer 1

respiration

Question 2

“breathing in”, inspiration

Answer 2

inhalation

Question 3

“breathing out”, expiration

Answer 3

exhalation

Question 4

what are the two divisions of the respiratory system?

Answer 4

conducting portion and respiratory portion

Question 5

“conducts” and transfers air; no gas exchange
- nose and paranasal sinuses, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles to the terminal bronchioles

Answer 5

conducting portion

Question 6

gas exchange (respiration) occurs here
- respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli

Answer 6

respiratory portion

Question 7

• respiration/gas exchange
• filters inspired air
• warms and humidifies inspired air
• phonation (producing sounds)
• olfaction (smell)

Answer 7

functions of respiratory system

Question 8

• oxygen is taken from the lungs to the tissues
• carbon dioxide (a waste product of cellular activity) diffuses into the alveoli and is then expelled when we exhale

Answer 8

respiration/gas exchange

Question 9

• most of this filtering occurs in the nasal cavity
• the hairs near the nostrils trap/filter big particles
• as air enters the nose/nasal cavity, bacteria/foreign particles become entrapped in mucus

Answer 9

filters inspired air

Question 10

• when air is inspired, the mucosa in the nasal cavity warms and humidifiers (moistens the air)
• there are many blood vessels in the nasal cavity and they carry warm blood
• the moisture from the mucus helps “humidify”

Answer 10

warms and humidifies inspired air

Question 11

the larynx (“voice box”) is responsible for producing speech

Answer 11

phonation (producing sounds)

Question 12

• the upper portion of the nasal cavity has olfactory epithelium (pcce plus bipolar neurons)
• CN I (olfactory) is involved

Answer 12

olfaction (smell)

Question 13

• internal nose
• subdivided by a nasal septum
• floor: hard and soft palate
• pcce
• superior part: olfactory epithelium

Answer 13

nasal cavity

Question 14

• warming and humidifying air
• filtering air
• olfaction

Answer 14

functions of nasal cavity

Question 15

what are the three bony projections on the lateral sides of the nasal cavity?

Answer 15

superior nasal conchae
middle nasal conchae
inferior nasal conchae

Question 16

increase air turbulence in the nasal cavity

Answer 16

function of the three nasal bones

Question 17

paired cavities/spaces within some of the skull bones that connect to the nasal cavity
- maxilla, ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal

Answer 17

paranasal sinuses

Question 18

• along with the nasal cavity, they help warm and humidify the air
• hollow chambers provide a resonance (deepness) to the voice
• help lighten the skull

Answer 18

functions of paranasal sinuses

Question 19

• connects the nasal cavity and mouth to the larynx and esophagus
• contains groups of tonsils: pharyngeal (adenoids), palatine, and lingual

Answer 19

pharynx

Question 20

attack/destroy antigens before they get too far

Answer 20

function of the tonsils (pharyngeal, palatine, and lingual)

Question 21

masses of lymphoid tissue that protect the opening to digestive and respiratory systems

Answer 21

tonsils

Question 22

what are the three divisions of the pharynx?

Answer 22

nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

Question 23

• directly behind the nasal cavity
• inferior/lower border is soft palate
• pcce
• only air goes through here
• contains openings for auditory (eustachian) tubes

Answer 23

nasopharynx

Question 24

• from the soft palate to the hyoid bone
• directly behind the oral cavity
• both food and air travel here
• nsse

Answer 24

oropharynx

Question 25

- from hyoid bone to the superior border of esophagus - directly behind superior larynx - transports both food and air - nsse

Answer 25

laryngopharynx

Question 26

- anterior to esophagus in neck - "voice box" - contains many different cartilages, connected by ligaments

Answer 26

larynx

Question 27

- transports air to trachea/bronchi and lungs - phonation (sound/speech production)

Answer 27

functions of the larynx

Question 28

forms anterior and lateral walls of larynx

Answer 28

thyroid cartilage

Question 29

- only complete ring of cartilage - underneath thyroid cartilage - directly above trachea

Answer 29

cricoid cartilage

Question 30

- spoon-shaped cartilage at top of larynx - function: closes off the larynx during swallowing so materials don't accidentally enter the larynx

Answer 30

epiglottis

Question 31

sit on top of the cricoid cartilage

Answer 31

arytenoid cartilages

Question 32

- attach from arytenoid to thyroid cartilage - lined with nsse - sound is produced when the cords vibrate together against the pressure of air

Answer 32

vocal folds ("true vocal cords")

Question 33

how do you make a sound louder in the vocal folds?

Answer 33

force more air through larynx

Question 34

how do you make a quieter sound in the vocal folds?

Answer 34

force less air through larynx

Question 35

how do you get lower pitched sounds?

Answer 35

make folds looser and thinner

Question 36

how do you get higher pitched sounds?

Answer 36

make folds tighter and thicker

Question 37

- connects to larynx superiorly - travels from the neck into the thorax - splits into left and right primary bronchi - pcce - c-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage

Answer 37

trachea

Question 38

- as inhaled air travels in these tubes, the tubes get progressively smaller - epithelium gets smaller (pcce to cuboidal to squamous) - cartilage slowly disappears and is replaced by smooth muscle (which also gets progressively less)

Answer 38

bronchial tree overview