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A215 - block three > respiratory > Flashcards

respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

process of gas exchange in the body

A

respiration

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2
Q

“breathing in”, inspiration

A

inhalation

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3
Q

“breathing out”, expiration

A

exhalation

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4
Q

what are the two divisions of the respiratory system?

A

conducting portion and respiratory portion

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5
Q

“conducts” and transfers air; no gas exchange
- nose and paranasal sinuses, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles to the terminal bronchioles

A

conducting portion

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6
Q

gas exchange (respiration) occurs here
- respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli

A

respiratory portion

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7
Q
  • respiration/gas exchange
  • filters inspired air
  • warms and humidifies inspired air
  • phonation (producing sounds)
  • olfaction (smell)
A

functions of respiratory system

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8
Q
  • oxygen is taken from the lungs to the tissues
  • carbon dioxide (a waste product of cellular activity) diffuses into the alveoli and is then expelled when we exhale
A

respiration/gas exchange

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9
Q
  • most of this filtering occurs in the nasal cavity
  • the hairs near the nostrils trap/filter big particles
  • as air enters the nose/nasal cavity, bacteria/foreign particles become entrapped in mucus
A

filters inspired air

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10
Q
  • when air is inspired, the mucosa in the nasal cavity warms and humidifiers (moistens the air)
  • there are many blood vessels in the nasal cavity and they carry warm blood
  • the moisture from the mucus helps “humidify”
A

warms and humidifies inspired air

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11
Q

the larynx (“voice box”) is responsible for producing speech

A

phonation (producing sounds)

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12
Q
  • the upper portion of the nasal cavity has olfactory epithelium (pcce plus bipolar neurons)
  • CN I (olfactory) is involved
A

olfaction (smell)

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13
Q
  • internal nose
  • subdivided by a nasal septum
  • floor: hard and soft palate
  • pcce
  • superior part: olfactory epithelium
A

nasal cavity

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14
Q
  • warming and humidifying air
  • filtering air
  • olfaction
A

functions of nasal cavity

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15
Q

what are the three bony projections on the lateral sides of the nasal cavity?

A

superior nasal conchae
middle nasal conchae
inferior nasal conchae

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16
Q

increase air turbulence in the nasal cavity

A

function of the three nasal bones

17
Q

paired cavities/spaces within some of the skull bones that connect to the nasal cavity
- maxilla, ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal

A

paranasal sinuses

18
Q
  • along with the nasal cavity, they help warm and humidify the air
  • hollow chambers provide a resonance (deepness) to the voice
  • help lighten the skull
A

functions of paranasal sinuses

19
Q
  • connects the nasal cavity and mouth to the larynx and esophagus
  • contains groups of tonsils: pharyngeal (adenoids), palatine, and lingual
A

pharynx

20
Q

attack/destroy antigens before they get too far

A

function of the tonsils (pharyngeal, palatine, and lingual)

21
Q

masses of lymphoid tissue that protect the opening to digestive and respiratory systems

A

tonsils

22
Q

what are the three divisions of the pharynx?

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

23
Q
  • directly behind the nasal cavity
  • inferior/lower border is soft palate
  • pcce
  • only air goes through here
  • contains openings for auditory (eustachian) tubes
A

nasopharynx

24
Q
  • from the soft palate to the hyoid bone
  • directly behind the oral cavity
  • both food and air travel here
  • nsse
A

oropharynx

25
Q
  • from hyoid bone to the superior border of esophagus
  • directly behind superior larynx
  • transports both food and air
  • nsse
A

laryngopharynx

26
Q
  • anterior to esophagus in neck
  • “voice box”
  • contains many different cartilages, connected by ligaments
A

larynx

27
Q
  • transports air to trachea/bronchi and lungs
  • phonation (sound/speech production)
A

functions of the larynx

28
Q

forms anterior and lateral walls of larynx

A

thyroid cartilage

29
Q
  • only complete ring of cartilage
  • underneath thyroid cartilage
  • directly above trachea
A

cricoid cartilage

30
Q
  • spoon-shaped cartilage at top of larynx
  • function: closes off the larynx during swallowing so materials don’t accidentally enter the larynx
A

epiglottis

31
Q

sit on top of the cricoid cartilage

A

arytenoid cartilages

32
Q
  • attach from arytenoid to thyroid cartilage
  • lined with nsse
  • sound is produced when the cords vibrate together against the pressure of air
A

vocal folds (“true vocal cords”)

33
Q

how do you make a sound louder in the vocal folds?

A

force more air through larynx

34
Q

how do you make a quieter sound in the vocal folds?

A

force less air through larynx

35
Q

how do you get lower pitched sounds?

A

make folds looser and thinner

36
Q

how do you get higher pitched sounds?

A

make folds tighter and thicker

37
Q
  • connects to larynx superiorly
  • travels from the neck into the thorax
  • splits into left and right primary bronchi
  • pcce
  • c-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage
A

trachea

38
Q
  • as inhaled air travels in these tubes, the tubes get progressively smaller
  • epithelium gets smaller (pcce to cuboidal to squamous)
  • cartilage slowly disappears and is replaced by smooth muscle (which also gets progressively less)
A

bronchial tree overview

A215 - block three (11 decks)

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