heart Flashcards
takes blood all over the body
aorta
right coronary artery and left coronary artery
arterial circulation
lies in the floor of the right atrium
- slows down signal and helps regulate it
atrioventricular (AV) node
a bundle of conducting muscle fibers that runs through the interventricular septum and splits into left and right bundle branches
atrioventricular bundle
heart itself is responsible for initiating the heartbeat
autorhythmicity
- from the papillary muscles to the 3 flaps of the right atrioventricular valve
- function: prevent the flaps from being pushed back up into the atrium
chordae tendinae
A blunt chest injury caused by a sudden, direct blow to the chest that occurs only during the critical portion of a person’s heartbeat.
- disturbed heart
commotio cordis
separates the atria from the ventricles
coronary sulcus
endothelium covering a connective tissue layer (innermost layer)
- lines the inside of the heart and covers its valves
endocardium
visceral layer of the serous pericardium (layer adherent to surface of heart)
- thin serous membrane and fat
epicardium
- outermost layer
- dense connective tissue
- functions: prevents heart from overfilling, restricts heart movements inside thoracic cavity
- helps keep heart in line
fibrous pericardium
- blood low in oxygen enters right atrium
- blood from the right atrium goes to the right ventricle
- blood from the right ventricle goes through the pulmonary trunk
- the pulmonary trunk branches into pulmonary arteries which carry blood to the lungs
- exchange of gasses occurs in the lungs
- oxygenated blood travels through pulmonary veins to the left atrium
- blood from left atrium goes to left ventricle
- blood from left ventricle is pumped through the aorta
- blood travels through the blood vessels throughout the body, will return to the right atrium of the heart, and the cycle repeats
heart blood flow
apex (point)
base (back, posterior, left atrium)
heart orientation
left side of the body in thoracic cavity
- located behind sternum and left ribs
heart placement
separates the left and right ventricles
interventricular sulcus (anterior and posterior)
each bundle goes to its respective ventricle
left and right bundle branches
- receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via 3/4 pulmonary veins
- blood will flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle via the left atrioventricular (mitral/bicuspid) valve - 2 triangular cusps
left atrium
- pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta
- papillary muscles and chordae tendineae
- blood is pumped from the left ventricle through the aortic semilunar valve
- a lot more cardiac muscle is present here
left ventricle
heart attack
- death of part of heart wall due to prolonged loss of blood supply
myocardial infarction (MI)
cardiac muscle
- thickest layer
myocardium
adheres to fibrous pericardium
parietal layer
space between two layers that contains fluid to help heart move
pericardial cavity
- too much fluid within pericardial cavity
- can be caused by inflammation of the pericardium (pericaditis) or trauma
- patients often have chest pain, difficulty breathing and feel faint why? - too much fluid would cause the heart to be compressed and unable to pump effectively
- is a medical emergency, what can be done? - drain the fluid (then find out what’s wrong)
pericardial effusion
sac that encloses the heart
pericardium
