Respiratory Flashcards
Kussmaul respirations
seen in DKA
rapid & deep
Cheyne stokes respirations
seen in sleep apnea
rhythm pattern with periods of apnea
stridor respirations
seen in upper airway obstruction:
croup
epiglottis
anaphylaxis
wheezing respirations
seen in lower airway:
asthma
bronchiolitis
crackles from excess fluid
pleural friction rub
CPAP
continuous airflow at single set pressure to keep airway open
BiPAP
high pressure on inhalation
lower pressure on exhalation
what drug assisted analgesic is contradicted with intubation?
succinylcholine which can cause:
- hyperthermia
- hyperkalemia (bad for burns & crush injuries)
- depolarizing neuromuscular blocker (bad for Guillain Barre, MS, & myasthenia gravis
name 3 other unfavored analgesics in intubation
- fentanyl (chest wall rigidity)
- propofol (lowers MAP)
- ketamine (increase secretions)
patient begins to decompensates, manually ventilate patient and check DOPES
- tube displacement
- obstruction
- pneumothorax
- equipment failure
- stacked breaths
pH levels in ABG
7.35 - 7.45
—> below 7.35 is acidotic
<— above 7.445 is alkalotic
PaCO2 levels in ABG
45-35
<— above 45 is acidotic
—> below 35 is alkalotic
HCO3 levels in ABG
(bicarb brought to lungs and exhaled out by CO2 & excreted through kidneys)
22 -26
—> below 22 is acidotic
<— above 26 is alkalotic
pulmonary hyptertension
-caused by right side heart failure
-exertional pulmonary edema, dyspnea & fatigue
- treat with O2, vasodilators, diurectics, an digoxin to increase contracility
pulmonary hyptertension
-caused by right side heart failure
-exertional pulmonary edema, dyspnea & fatigue
- treat with O2, vasodilators, diuretics, & digoxin to increase contractility
acute bronchitis
-viral inflammation d/t influenza or RSV
-nonproductive dry cough (worse at night)
-cp, sore throat, nasal congestion, low grade fever
-chest xray
-tx with cough meds, steroids, *no ABX
epiglottitis
(hot potatoe voice)
-bacterial infection
-triad of drooling, dysphagia, & distress
-abrupt high fever
-thumbprint sign on lateral neck xr
-keep in caregivers arm to calm child (no iv or labs)
-secure airway-if they cry they die
croup
(barky seal cough)
-viral infection 6mo-3 years
-gradual onset uri
-low grade fever, inspiratory stridor
*steeple sign on cxr
-tx with racemic nebulized epinephrine & dexamethasone
inhalation injuries
-perform escharotomy if circumferential chest butn
-cherry red skin, ST segment depression on ECG due to hypoxia, headache, & confusion
inhalation injuries
-perform escharotomy if circumferential chest burn
-cherry red skin, ST segment depression on ECG due to hypoxia, headache, & confusion
- carboxyhemoglobin <10%
inhalation injuries
-perform escharotomy if circumferential chest burn
-cherry red skin, ST segment depression on ECG due to hypoxia, headache, & confusion
- carboxyhemoglobin <10%a
Non cardiogenic pulmonary edema
(Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome-ARDS)
- submersion injury
- occurs in rapid ascent while scuba diving, high altitude pulmonary edema, inhalation of toxic gases, heroin overdose
Non cardiogenic pulmonary edema
(Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome-ARDS)
-submersion injury
-occurrs in rapid ascent while scuba diving, high altitude pulmonary edema, inhalation of toxic gases, heroin overdose
risks of rib fractures 1-2
aortic dissections
risk of rib fractures 4-9
-pulmonary contusion
-blunt chest injury
