Respiratory

Question 1

function of mucociliary apparatus

Answer 1

trap foreign particles and remove them from lower respiratory tract

Question 2

what is site of bronchoconstriction and bronchodilation

Answer 2

bronchioles and terminal bronchiole smooth muscle (in the transition zone)

Question 3

gas exchange occurs across a thin barrier composed of

Answer 3

alveoli and pulmonary capillaries (specifically, type 1 alveolar cells, capillary endothelial cells, and their basement membranes)

Question 4

name 3 therapeutic goals for respiratory condition of allergy/inflammation

Answer 4

decrease inflammation, improve mucociliary clearance, promote gas exchange

Question 5

name 2 therapeutic goals for respiratory condition of pulmonary edema

Answer 5

decrease fluid, improve gas exchange

Question 6

name 3 therapeutic goals for respiratory condition of cough

Answer 6

decrease cough, improve mucus removal, suppress inflammation

Question 7

name 1 therapeutic goal for respiratory condition of EIPH (exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage)

Answer 7

decrease trans pulmonary capillary resistance

Question 8

name 3 therapeutic goals for respiratory condition of pneumonia

Answer 8

reduce inflammation, improve gas exchange (improve mucus clearance and dilate bronchioles), treat infection

Question 9

name 6 classes of drugs used to treat resp conditions

Answer 9

antitussives, expectorants and mucolytics, bronchodilators

Question 10

a dog has a cough. what are 2 criteria the cough must meet before giving antitussives?

Answer 10

non-productive and tiring to the animal or to the owner

Question 11

cat has a cough. what is the safest antitussive you can use? (hint: it does not bind to traditional opioid receptors)

Answer 11

dextromethorphan (it is an opioid derivative, which is good bc cats are sensitive to opioid CNS effects)

Question 12

oh no! there is a foal with a severe meconium compaction AND a horse with a chondroids (concretion of pus in guttural pour due to strangles). you have to choose ONE mucolytic to help both horses, which one

Answer 12

acetylcysteine

Question 13

what is a systemic mucolytic drug used in both horses to treat RAO, IAD, and pneumonia, AND in dogs with otitis media with effusion?

Answer 13

dembrexine

Question 14

two effects of guaifenesin

Answer 14

centrally acting muscle relaxant; potential expectorant effect

Question 15

parasympathetic innervation and inflammation would have what effect on bronchioles

Answer 15

bronchoconstriction

Question 16

sympathetic innervation would have what effect on bronchioles

Answer 16

bronchodilation

Question 17

primary receptors in bronchiolar smooth muscle

Answer 17

M3. (with PNS stimulation they cause bronchoconstriction)

Question 18

how do anticholinergics cause bronchodilation

Answer 18

prevent parasympathetic bronchoconstriction by inhibiting M3 receptors in the bronchiolar smooth muscle

Question 19

bronchodilation is stimulated by this receptor present in the bronchiolar smooth muscle

Answer 19

beta 2 receptor

Question 20

one reason why salbutamol / albuterol given in inhaled form for the acute treatment of asthma in horses and cats?

Answer 20

rapid onset of action; reduced risk of adverse effects; reduced risk of drug interactions

Question 21

you are managing airway obstruction due to respiratory disease in a horse and prescribe clenbuterol. what other change must you tell the owner to make?

Answer 21

must be combined with environmental changes

Question 22

what is a methylxanthine in chocolate

Answer 22

theobromine

Question 23

most commonly used inhaled nasal steroid, belongs to anti-inflammatory class, is

Answer 23

fluticasone

Question 24

true or false: any CNS depressant can depress respiration

Answer 24

true