Respiratory Flashcards
Tidal Volume
Amount of air inhaled in a regular cycle.
Total Lung Capacity
6L in adults
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
The amount of air that can be inhaled in addition to regular inspirations. Typically 3L (50%)
Dead Space
The area where respiration doesn’t take place. About 150ml.
Anatomic Dead Space
Bronchi and trachea
Physiological Dead Space
Caused by conditions like atelectasis in which some alveoli are now dead spaces
Alveolar Volume
The volume of actual gas exchange (typically 350ml). Tidal volume - dead space volume.
Minute Volume
The amount of air that is moved in and out of the tract per minute
Minute Alveolar Volume
The amount of air that is part of gas exchange per minute. (VT-VD x RR)
Expiratory Reserve Volume (Residual Volume)
The amount of air remaining in the lungs after a normal exhalation (1200ml)
Ventilation
The act of moving air in and out of the lungs
Respiration
The actual exchange of O2 and CO2
Suction Time Limits
Adult 15s, Child 10s, Infant 5s.
Oxygen Flow Calculation
PSI of tank (2000) - Safe residual volume (200) x Cylinder constant
Divided by flow rate =
Minutes remaining
CPAP Flow
5, 6, 7, 8L/min
5, 6, 7.5, 10cm
CPAP Indications/Contraindications
> 24 RR
<94% SpO2
90 SBP
No traumatic cause of respiratory condition
Over the age of 12
Ability to comply
No pneumothorax
Risk of aspiration
PEEP Valve Indications/Contraindications
<90% SpO2 despite good BVM
>90 SBP
No traumatic cause of respiratory condition
No pneumothorax or cardiac arrest
Salbutamol (Ventolin)
Wheezing sounds (bronchoconstriction)
HR <150
Dosage: 4 x 100mcg, repeat as needed.
Ped Dosage: <10kg = N/A
10-20kg = 5 x 100mcg, up to 3 times
>20kg = 10 x 100mcg, up to 3 times
Nebulized : 5mg (*2.5mg for <1 year old)
Epinephrine (bronchospasms / croup)
Severe respiratory attack or pre-arrest not affected by Salbutamol
No contraindications!
Dosage: 0.5mg IM every 5-20 minutes
Ped Dosage: 0.01mg/kg (CliniCall)
Ped Dosage for CROUP: 5mg nebulized - total volume needs to be 5ml
(0.5mg/kg under 1 year old)
Kussmaul Breathing
Rapid, maximum inhalation and exhalations in an attempt to rid the body of excessive CO2 in acidotic patients (pH <7.35).
Cheyne-Stokes Breathing
Cardiac damage. Period of increasing and decreasing breathing, followed by a period of apnea.
Biot’s Breathing
Brain damage. Hyperventilation followed by a period of apnea (like Cheyne Stokes, minus the increase and decrease).
Angioedema (Respiratory)
Allergic reaction causing swelling of the mouth, tongue or lips.
Hypoxic Drive
COPD patients. Only aim to oxygenate them to about 92% to prevent adverse respiratory issues.
Atelectasis
Damage to alveoli which causes easier collapse. Common with Emphysema. Patients are incentivized to take deeper breaths or use CPAP to prevent full collapse.
