Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PCP > Pharmacology and Toxicology > Flashcards

Pharmacology and Toxicology Flashcards

1
Q

Analgesics

A

Relieves pain (analgesia is the absence of sensation of pain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Fentanyl (Sublimaze)

A

An opiate agonist (analgesic). Rapid acting - 90 secs, potent, lasts 30 min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Morphine

A

An opiate agonist (analgesic). Can cause euphoria, and assists in relaxing the heart during cardiac emergencies, which saves oxygen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Non-opioid analgesics

A

OTC medications that can also be anti-pyretic. Ex: Aspirin, NSAIDS (Advil), Tylenol.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Opioid/Narcotic antagonists

A

Reverses effects of opiates. Competitively binds with receptors against agonists. Ex: Naloxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Opioid/Narcotic agonist-antagonists

A

These can provide analgesia without affecting the respiratory system nor inducing dependancy or addiction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Anaesthetics

A

Loses ability to feel sensations of touch or pain. Drawbacks: can affect respiratory, cardiovascular and CNS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Systemic anaesthesia

A

General anaesthesia usually for surgery, inhaled.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Regional anaesthesia

A

Specific to a body part or extremity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Local anesthesia

A

Localized anaesthesia to one spot only.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

Sedative-hypnotics. Slows the brain down through sedation/sleep. Ex: Midazolam, Diazepam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Midazolam (Versed)

A

A benzodiazepine that is short lasting (30-60 mins), and has amnesic effects. Onset of 1-3 mins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Diazepam (Valium)

A

A benzodiazepine that lasts longer (30-90 mins), onset of 5 mins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Barbiturates

A

Similar to benzodiazepines; sedative-hypnotic. Uncommonly used these days.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Non-Barbiturate Hypnotics

A

Similar to both benzodiazepines and barbiturates but with less side effects mainly to the cardiovascular system. Ex: Propofol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Propofol (Diprivan)

A

A non-barbiturate hypnotic that rapidly acts in 5-15 seconds and lasts 3-5 minutes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Anticonvulsants (Calcium Channel Blockers)

A

Work to bring down hyperactivity of seizures through decreasing influx of sodium into cells (which propagate seizures), and reducing activity in calcium channels.

18
Q

Opioid/Narcotics

A

An analgesic and euphoria causing downer. Symptoms can include pinpoint pupils (miosis), decreased respiratory drive, coma, hypoxia, drowsiness.

Ex: Fentanyl, morphine, heroin, hydromorphone

19
Q

Amphetamine

A

A CNS stimulant. Releases dopamine and norepinephrine to increase attention and awareness (ADHD medicine). Can cause tachycardia, hypertension, and seizures.

20
Q

Antiemetics

A

Reduces nausea. Ex: Gravol (Dimenhydrinate)

21
Q

Cholinergics

A

(Parasympathomimetic) Acts like acetylcholine, activating the parasympathetic system. Excessive use may cause SLUDGEM (Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, Gastric Upsets, Emesis, Miosis).

Fertilizers, insecticides, sarin gas, weapons of mass destruction

22
Q

Anti-cholinergics

A

(Sympathomimetics) Disables cholinergic activity by binding to their nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. Promotes stimulant symptoms indirectly.

23
Q

Atropine

A

An anti-cholinergic. It decreases secretions, increases heart rate, dilates pupils, decreases GI activity.

24
Q

Diuretics

A

Helps kidneys to remove excess salt and water.

25
Q

Vasodilators

A

Dilates vessels. Ex: Nitroglycerin

26
Q

Sympathetic Blocking Agents

A

Beta blockers, competitively binds with receptors against epinephrine to inhibit sympathetic reactions.

27
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers

A

Anti-dysrhythmic and anti-hypertensive properties. Ex: Norvasc (amlodipine)

28
Q

6 Rights

A

TRAMPD

Time
Route
Amount
Medication
Person
Documentation

29
Q

Major Toxidromes

A

Stimulants
Sympathomimetics
Opioids/Narcotics
Cholinergics
Anticholinergics
Sedative-Hypnotics

30
Q

Stimulants

A

Activates the sympathetic nervous system. Symptoms can include hypertension, tachycardia, seizures, aggression, tachypnea, cardiac arrest, insomnia and general restlessness.

Ex: Methamphetamine, Amphetamine, Cocaine

31
Q

Stimulants

A

Activates the sympathetic nervous system. Symptoms can include dilated pupils, hypertension, tachycardia, seizures, aggression, tachypnea, cardiac arrest, insomnia and general restlessness (tweaks and jitters).

Ex: Methamphetamine, Amphetamine, Cocaine

32
Q

Sympathomimetics

A

Directly activates sympathetic nervous system. Symptoms can include dilated pupils, tachycardia, agitation, seizures, hypertension and hyperthermia.

Ex: Phenylephrine, methamphetamine, amphetamine

33
Q

Cholinergics

A

Mimics the job of acetylcholine - the parasympathetic worker. Symptoms can include DUMBELS : diarrhea, urination, miosis and muscle weakness, bradycardia/bronchospasm, emesis, lacrimation, and salivation.

Ex: Organophosphates, sarin gas

34
Q

Anticholinergics

A

Indirectly promotes sympathetic activity by blocking muscarinic receptor sites in the parasympathetic system. Symptoms can include flushed skin, hyperthermia, hypertension, tachycardia, dilated pupils, delirium/hallucinations.

Ex: Atropine, antihistamines, antipsychotics and tricyclic antidepressants

35
Q

Sedative-Hypnotics

A

Slows the brain down. Symptoms may include drowsiness, ataxia, slurred speech, hypotension, respiratory and CNS depression.

Ex: Diazepam, alcohol

36
Q

Alcohol Withdrawal

A

Sudden stop of alcohol intake in chronic drinkers. Symptoms can include agitation, vomiting, tachycardia, hypertension, and Delirium Tremens (extreme hallucinations).

37
Q

Acetaminophen

A

Mild to moderate pain relief. Contraindications : Liver conditions

Adults: 500-1000mg per 4 hours. Max 4000g.

Pediatrics: <30kg : 15mg/kg
30-50kg : 500mg
>50kg : 500-1000mg
Max: 75mg/kg or 1000mg

Toxicity symptoms are typically delayed days to 2 weeks by liver failure.

38
Q

Ibuprofen

A

Mild to moderate pain relief. Contraindications : Bleeding, pregnancy

Adults: 300-400mg PO per 6 hours. Max 1200mg.

Pediatrics: 10mg/kg per 6 hours. Max 40mg/kg/day

39
Q

Dimenhydrinate (Gravol)

A
  • Anti-emetic
    Indications: Moderate to severe nasuea and vomiting
    Contraindications: Allergy to caffeine or Gravol

Adults: 25-50mg IV/IM (12.5mg for frail or old)
Pediatrics (12-16yo): 1.25mg/kg MAX 25mg

40
Q

GHB (Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate)

A

CNS depressant. Odorless and colorless. Airway compromise, nausea, vomiting, decreased LOC, amnesia, excitation. Common use for date rape or getting high.

41
Q

Marijuana

A

A psychoactive ingredient, THC, releases dopamine.

Bronchodilation, tachycardia, drowsiness, blood-shot eyes.

42
Q

Route of Toxic Exposure

A

Inhalation, Ingestion, Injection, Absorption

PCP (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions