Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NURS1213 > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

define dyspnea

A

Shortness of breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

define orthopnea

A

SOB when lying down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are some DOH that relate to respiratory disease?

A
  • Physical environment
  • Employment conditions
  • Biology and genetics
  • Culture
  • Personal health practices and coping skills
  • Diet and nutrition: evidence has been found that diet may be linked to chronic respiratory diseases (asthma and COPD)
  • Social environment and support networks
  • Education
  • Socioeconomic status
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some abnormal chest configurations?

A
  • scoliosis
  • kyphosis
  • pigeon chest
  • barrel chest
  • funnel chest
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define scoliosis

A
  • lateral curvature and rotation of thoracic and lumbar spine
  • may cause distortion of the lungs, which results in decreased lung volume
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define kyphosis

A
  • exaggerated posterior curvature of thoracic spine

- my decrease lung expansion and increase cardiac problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define barrel chest

A
  • anteroposterior diameter is equal to transverse diameter and ribs are horizontal
  • accompanies COPD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is tactile fremitus?

A

palpable vibration when the patient speaks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does increased fremitus indicate?

A

compression or consolidation in the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does decreased fremitus indicate?

A

thickness of the chest

  • COPD, pleural effusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where would you feel the strongest vibrations (fremitus)?

A

prominent between scapulae and around the sternum, sites where major bronchi are closest to chest wall. Decreases as you move down due to more tissue impeding sound transmission.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the significance of unilateral decreased expansion?

A

chest expansion is unequal with marked atelectasis or pneumonia, thoracic trauma, pneumothorax.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the significance of bilateral decreased respiratory expansion?

A

lag in expansion occurs with atelectasis, pneumonia, and postoperative guarding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the normal sound you should hear over the lungs?

A

resonance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the significance of dullness on percussion of the lungs?

A

signals abnormal density in lungs

ex. pneumonia, pleural effusion, atelectasis, tumour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the measure for normal diaphragmatic excursion?

A

3-5 cm or 7-8(well conditioned)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the significance of decreased excursion?

A

characterizes pleural effusion and atelectasis of lower lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where would you hear vesicular breath sounds? What would you hear?

A

lung areas

  • soft and low pitched
19
Q

Where would you hear bronchial breath sounds? What would you hear?

A

next to the trachea (usually only on the anterior side)

  • loud, high pitched
20
Q

Where would you hear bronchovesicular breath sounds? What would you hear?

A

around the sternal border

  • medium loudness, medium pitch
21
Q

What are some adventitious breath sounds?

A
  • fine or coarse crackles
  • wheezes
  • ronchi
  • friction rub
  • stridor
22
Q

Auscultating for Bronchophony

A
  • tell patient to say “99”
  • normal: soft, indistinct
  • abnormal: can hear words clearly due to disease that increases lung density
23
Q

Auscultating for Egophany

A
  • ask patient to say “eeeee”
  • normal: should hear “ee”
  • abnormal: long “aaaa” due to consolidation or compression
24
Q

Auscultating for whispered pectoriloquy

A
  • whisper “1,2,3”
  • normal: faint, muffled, almost inaudible
  • abnormal: clear, faint due to small amounts of consolidation
25
Q

Define Asthma (palpate, percuss, ausc)

A
  • condition in which your airways narrow and swell and may produce extra mucus
  • palpate: decreased tactile fremitus
  • percuss: resonance
  • ausc: wheezing
26
Q

Define Atelectasis (palpate, percuss, ausc)

A
  • the collapse of the alveoli that prevents normal gas exchange between carbon dioxide and oxygen
  • Palp: lack of tactile fremitus
  • Percuss: dull over affected areas
  • ausc: decreased/absent breath sounds, possibly fine crackles
27
Q

What are the symptoms of atelectasis?

A

hypoventilation, chest pain, shortness of breath (dyspnea), coughing, lips and skin turning blue (cyanosis), inc resp&rate

28
Q

Define chronic bronchitis (palp, percuss, ausc)

A
  • Chronic inflammation of the bronchial tree causing increased mucus production and blocked airways
  • palp: normal fremitus
  • percuss: resonant
  • ausc: wheezes
29
Q

Define lobar pneumonia (palp, percuss, ausc)

A
  • Infection in fluid in bacteria causing area of consolidation
  • palp: increased fremitus
  • percuss: dull
  • ausc: crackles, Bronchophony, egophony, whisper pectoriloquy, wheezes, bronchial breath sounds, decreased breath sounds
30
Q

Symptoms of lobar pneumonia

A

cough, fever, shortness of breath, shallow breathing, chest pain, loss of appetite, low energy, fatigue

31
Q

Define pneumothorax (palp, percuss, ausc)

A
  • Air moves into pleural space causing lung collapse
  • Full collapse: causes tracheal deviation
  • palp: decreased fremitus
  • percuss: hyperresonance
  • ausc: decreased or absent breath sounds
32
Q

Define pleural effusion (palp, percuss, ausc)

A
  • Have fluid that fills in pleural space, that causes lung tissue that can be compressed or moved out of the way
  • palp: decreased fremitus and decreased chest expansion on affected side
  • percuss: dullness
  • ausc: decreased or absent breath sounds
33
Q

Define congestive heart failure (palp, percuss, ausc)

A
  • o Increase in pulmonary veins causing interstitial edema around alveoli
  • palp: normal fremitus, skin can be cool and clamy
  • percuss: resonance
  • ausc: wheezes or crackles at bases
34
Q

What is primary prevention in respiratory?

A

preventing the initial occurrence of a chronic respiratory illness

35
Q

What are some examples of primary prevention?

A
  • Avoiding prolonged exposure to chemicals
  • Education about air quality and smoking
  • Vaccines
  • Healthy living
36
Q

What is secondary prevention in respiratory?

A

Activities aimed at early identification and treatment to delay progression and disability

37
Q

What are examples of secondary prevention strategies?

A
  • Comprehensive Health Assessment
  • Explain risk factors for lung disease including smoking and exposure to pollution and chemical irritants
  • Share brochures COPD/emphezema
  • Ensure patient and/or family can read and interpret literature (why?)
  • Teach patient to self-screen for warning signs worsening condition of lung disease such as persistent cough, chest pain, recurring lung infections, weight loss.
  • Encourage client to have seasonal flu shot.
  • Encourage annual physical examination with MD or Nurse Practitioner, including CXR as needed
  • Encourage family to support clients smoking reduction/cessation
38
Q

What is tertiary prevention in respiratory?

A

Ameliorating disease severity and disability, maximizing recovery from illness, enhancing quality of life

39
Q

Examples of tertiary prevention strategies?

A

• Maintain effective airway: DB&C, encourage fluid intake (if not contraindicated) ,teach purse lip breathing, auscultate chest every shift, O2 therapy teaching, adequate nutrition, regular planned activity

40
Q

Describe incentive spirometry

A
  • method of encouraging voluntary deep breathing by providing visual feedback to patients about inspiratory volume.
  • Used to promote deep breathing and to prevent atelectasis in the post-operative patient.
41
Q

What are the benefits of purse-lipped breathing?

A

To prevent alveolar collapse, increase arterial oxygen saturation

42
Q

What are the benefits of diaphragmatic breathing?

A

Promote relaxation and provide pain control. Improves efficiency of breathing by decreasing air trapping and reducing work of breathing

43
Q

What are the benefits of consecutive coughing?

A

Help remove mucus more effectively and completely than one forceful cough

44
Q

what are the benefits of early ambulation?

A

Promote return of regular deep breathing and prevention of postoperative complication and improves circulation to the lungs

NURS1213 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions