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NURS1213 > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Which valves would you hear S1 best?

A

lub sound

atrioventricular valves – mitral and tricuspid

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2
Q

Which valves would hear S2 best?

A

dub sound

semilunar valves- aortic and pulmonic

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3
Q

what is preload

A

amount of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole.

when the ventricles are filling, remember starling’s law the greater the stretch the bigger the fill the the stronger the pump.

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4
Q

What is afterload?

A

is the force the ventricles must exert to push blood out systemically.

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5
Q

what are the common concerns?

A
  • chest pain
  • diaphoresis
  • nocturia
  • dyspnea/orthopnea
  • palpitations
  • fatigue/ syncope
  • edema
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6
Q

define diaphoresis

A

usual sweating

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7
Q

define nocturia

A

condition that you wake up at night to urinate

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8
Q

define dyspnea

A

shortness of breath

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9
Q

define orthopnea

A

SOB while lying down

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10
Q

define palpitations

A

sensation of heart pounding/racing

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11
Q

define syncope

A

fainting or passing out

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12
Q

define edema

A

swelling caused by excess fluid build up in tissues

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13
Q

define anemia

A

lack of RBC to carry O2 to tissues

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14
Q

What topics should be discussed about behavior?

A
  • Alcohol
  • Cigarettes
  • Drug use
  • Diet & salt use
  • Exercise frequently
  • Sexuality
  • Weight gain or loss
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15
Q

What topics should be discussed about the environment?

A
  • medications
  • personality type
  • occupation
  • exposure to hazardous substances
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16
Q

define cyanosis

A

inadequate circulation

17
Q

define hypoxia

A

lack of oxygen reaching tissues

18
Q

define carotid artery stenosis

A

the narrowing of the carotid arteries, usually caused by atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is the buildup of cholesterol, fat and other substances traveling through the bloodstream

19
Q

what does a weak carotid artery pulse indicate?

A
  • carotid stenosis
20
Q

what does an absent carotid pulse indicate?

A

asystole (cessation of electrical and mechanical activity of the heart)

21
Q

What is the jugular venous pressure (JVP)?

A
  • Measurement of the highest oscillation point (meniscus) of the jugular venous pulsations
  • measured using internal jugular vein
22
Q

What is JVD?

A

elevated JVP that causes the jugular vein to bulge/distend

23
Q

which jugular vein do you use to measure JVD

A

external jugular vein (specifically right side)

24
Q

what does it mean when the neck veins are distended?

A

there is too much fluid on the right side of the heart, causing blood to be backed up

25
Q

what is a normal finding for JVP/JVD?

A

3 cm or less

26
Q

What is the significance of an elevated JVD?

A

usually occurs with heart failure

27
Q

What are abnormal findings when palpating the percordium?

A
  • heaves (thrusts upwards)
  • thrills (vibrations)
  • pulsations
28
Q

What is the order to auscultate the precordium?

A
  • aortic
  • pulmonic
  • Erb’s point
  • tricuspid
  • mitral
29
Q

What are the modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease?

A
  1. high blood pressure (hypertension)
  2. smoking
  3. serum cholesterol
  4. obesity
  5. diabetes
  6. poor nutrition
  7. inadequate exercise
  8. substance abuse
  9. stress
  10. for postmenopausal women, length of hormone replacement therapy
30
Q

What are non-modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease?

A
  1. Age
  2. Race
  3. Gender
  4. Family hisory
31
Q

What are some primary health promotion strategies? (think SPANS)

A

S: smoking (stop smoking)

P: physical exercise

A: alcohol in moderation

N: nutrition

S: Stress/sleep

32
Q

What are some secondary/tiertiary health promotion strategies?

A
  • Heart and Stroke Foundation
  • Woman to woman cardiac support group
  • Total cardiology
  • Heart to heart support group
  • Cardiac wellness institute
33
Q

Describe the tricuspid landmark

A

fourth intercostal space, left sternal border

34
Q

Describe the mitral landmark

A

Fifth intercostal space, left sternal border

35
Q

Describe aortic landmark

A

second intercostal space, right sternal border

36
Q

describe pulmonic landmark

A

second intercostal space, left sternal border

37
Q

What is it called when apical and carotid pulse do not match?

A

pulse deficit

NURS1213 (11 decks)

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