respiration (topic 12)

Question 1

respiration

Answer 1

Chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules to release energy, with the use of enzymes

Question 2

what are uses for energy gained from respiration

Answer 2

muscle contraction
protein synthesis
cell division
active transport
growth
the passage of nerve impulses
the maintenance of a constant body temperature

Question 3

describe how temperature effects rate of respiration in yeast

Answer 3

The rate of respiration in yeast initially increases with increasing temperature up to the optimum temperature (up to 40 °C), and then decreases as the temperature increases. This is because the enzyme that catalyses the reaction is denatured at higher temperatures.

Question 4

what is aerobic respiration

Answer 4

Chemical reactions in cells in which nutrient molecules are broken down using oxygen to release energy. reaction occurs in mitochondria

Question 5

word equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 5

glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water

Question 6

symbol equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 6

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O

Question 7

anaerobic respiration

Answer 7

the chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules to release energy without using oxygen, releases less energy per glucose energy compared to aerobic

Question 8

word equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast

Answer 8

glucose → alcohol + carbon dioxide

Question 9

word equation for anaerobic respiration in muscle during vigurous excercise

Answer 9

glucose → lactic acid

Question 10

symbol equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast

Answer 10

C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

Question 11

what happens during vigurous excercise

Answer 11

your cells cannot obtain enough oxygen for energy to be released by aerobic respiration alone. Anaerobic respiration happens in muscle cells to provide them with sufficient energy to carry on working. This causes the waste product, lactic acid, to build up in the muscles and blood.

Question 12

oxygen debt

Answer 12

The amount of oxygen needed after vigorous exercise in order to break down the lactic acid produced by anaerobic respiration.

Question 13

how is oxygen debt removed after excercise

Answer 13

a) continuation of fast heart rate to transport
lactic acid in the blood from the muscles to
the liver
b) continuation of deeper and faster breathing
to supply oxygen for aerobic respiration of
lactic acid
c) aerobic respiration of lactic acid in the liver