characteristics of living things (topic 1)

Question 1

movement

Answer 1

an action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place

Question 2

respiration

Answer 2

as the chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism

Question 3

sensitivity

Answer 3

the ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal or external environment

Question 4

growth

Answer 4

permanent increase in size and dry mass

Question 5

reproduction

Answer 5

the processes that make more of the same kind of organism

Question 6

excretion

Answer 6

the removal of the waste products of metabolism and substances in excess of requirements

Question 7

nutrition

Answer 7

the taking in of materials for
energy, growth and development

Question 8

what are the 7 characteristics of living things

Answer 8

movement, respiration, sensitivity, reproduction, growth, excretion, nutrition

Question 9

kingdom

Answer 9

broad level for classifying organsims, all organisms are within 5 kingdoms

Question 10

species

Answer 10

group of similiar organisms that can reproduce and produce fertile offsprings

Question 11

how are organisms classified

Answer 11

they are classified into groups depending on features they possess and thus share

Question 12

what do classification systems aim

Answer 12

to relfect on evolutionary relationships

Question 13

binomial systems

Answer 13

naming species as an internationally agreed system in which the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts showing the genus and species

Question 14

what is a dichotomous key

Answer 14

A tool used to identify organisms using a series of questions, each with only two answers.

Question 15

how do you generally make a dichotomous key

Answer 15

you must list observable characteritics of the organism
organise characteristics in order starting with most general- specific
divide organisms by yes or no answers, and give an answer of the organism described under

Question 16

bases in dna and classification

Answer 16

sequences of bases in DNA are used as a means of classification
-closely related species have similar base sequences
-distantly related species have different base sequences.

Question 17

relationship between ansestors and bases of dna

Answer 17

groups of organisms which share a
more recent ancestor (are more closely related) have base sequences in DNA that are more similar than those that share only a distant ancestor

Question 18

what are the features used to classify organisms into kindgdoms

Answer 18

having a nucleus (single cell) or multicellular, cell structure (cell wall yes or no), movement, nutrition (heterotrophic or autotrophic)

Question 19

heterotrophic vs autotrophic

Answer 19

hetero- Describes organisms that ingest food by eating other organisms.
auto-Describes organisms that produce their own food

Question 20

state features in each of the five kingdoms

Answer 20

prokaryote-have no nucleus, unicellular, cell wall not made of cellulose, most heterotrophs
animal- multicellular, no cell wall, move whole body from one place to another, heterotrophic
plant- multicellular, have cell wall, usually cant move whole body, autotrophic
fungus- most made of hyphae rather than cells
protoctist- unicellular, some are multi, cells with nucleus, some heterotrophs and some autotrophs

Question 21

what are the five kingdoms

Answer 21

animal, plant, fungus, prokaryote, protoctist

Question 22

what are the groups inside animal kingdom

Answer 22

vertebrates, arthropods, cnidarians, annelids, molluscs

Question 23

vertebrates

Answer 23

An animal with a backbone.five main groups of vertebrates are:
fish
amphibians
reptiles
birds
mammals.

Question 24

features of fish

Answer 24

cold blooded, aquatic, breathe with gills, body covered in scales, fins and streamlined body, fertilisation is external

Question 25

features of amphibians

Answer 25

coldblooded, slimy moist skin, external fertilisation, metamorphose, have lungs

Question 26

features of reptiles

Answer 26

cold blooded, body covered in scales or plates, lungs, commonly four limbs/ legs, internal fertilisation

Question 27

features of birds

Answer 27

warm blooded, lungs, body covered in feathers, streamlined shape, wings, beaks for feeding, internal fertilisation

Question 28

features of mammals

Answer 28

warm blooded, lungs, body covered in fur or hair, presence of external ear, give birth, feed offsprings with milk in mammary glands

Question 29

invertebrates

Answer 29

animals without backbones

Question 30

anthropodes

Answer 30

Invertebrate animals with jointed legs and body sections. Includes spiders, insects and crabs.

Question 31

main groups of anthropoides

Answer 31

insects
arachnids
crustaceans
myriapods.
(These four groups differ in terms of the number of jointed legs, the number of body segments and the presence or absence of antennae)

Question 32

features of insects

Answer 32

most have two pairs of wings, large compound eyes, body covered in hard cuticle, can survive in dry and hot climates

Question 33

features of arachnides

Answer 33

two body parts (no wings or antennae), short chelicerae, pedipalps, mutiple pairs of simple eyes

Question 34

features of crsutaceans

Answer 34

two pairs of antennae, pair of compound eyes, carapace

Question 35

features of myriapods

Answer 35

no obvious division between thorax and abdomen, distinct head, pair of antannae and simple eyes

Question 36

two groups inside plant kingdom

Answer 36

ferns and flowering plants

Question 37

ferns

Answer 37

root, stems, complex leaves, stem is below ground and grow horizontally, germinate

Question 38

flowering plants

Answer 38

seeds formed in flowers, undeveloped leaf in seed is called a cotyledon flowering plants divided into two groups (monocotyledon and dictoyledon)

Question 39

monocotyledon and dictoyledon

Answer 39

monocotyledons have one cotyledon, parallel veins, narrow and long leafs, vascular bundle scattered in stem, fibrous roots, flower parts in multiples of three
dicotyledons have two cotyledons, network of veins, broad and short leafs, vascular bundles arranged in vascular bundles, tap root, flower parts in multiples of four or five

Question 40

viruses features

Answer 40

not made of cells, no cell membrane or cytoplasm, dont show any of the 7 charcteristics of living organsims, protein coat surrounding genetic material,

Question 41

what are the two main vertebrate groups

Answer 41

reptiles, amphibians