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physio- exam 3 > respiration part 3 > Flashcards

respiration part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Less than ____% of the oxygen in the blood is dissolved

A

2%

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2
Q

T/F: oxygen is relatively insoluble in the blood

A

true

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3
Q

we must rely on O2 bound to hemoglobin to carry ____% of the total O2 in the blood

A

98%

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4
Q

Hemoglobin is a respiratory _______

A

pigment

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5
Q

hemoglobin is the predominant protein in what cell type

A

erythrocytes

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6
Q

describe the structure of hemoglobin:

A

tetrameric molecule –

4 protein subunits, each with a heme group that includes 1 iron atom that can reversibly bind O2

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7
Q

Total O2 in blood is a function of what?

A

PO2 and amount of Hb in blood

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8
Q

Binding of O2 to Hb changes the __________ of the molecule

A

conformation

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9
Q

the Plateau region of the Hb saturation curve is where the ________ phase occurs

A

loading

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10
Q

the Steep region of the Hb saturation curve is where the _______ phase

A

unloading

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11
Q

______ is the PO2 at which ½ of Hb is saturated

A

P50

50% saturation point

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12
Q

oxygen delivery to tissues depends on what?

A

dissolved oxygen

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13
Q

only _______ oxygen can diffuse into tissues

A

dissolved

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14
Q

T/F: O2 bound to Hb can not diffuse into tissues

A

true

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15
Q

In the alveoli, O2 must diffuse across respiratory surface into ________

A

plasma

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16
Q

what maintains the P02 gradient in the alveoli and pulmonary blood?

A

Hb uptake of O2 maintains PO2 gradient

17
Q

how would a increased Hb affinity for O2 affect the Hb disassociation curve?

A

shift curve to the left

  • makes it harder for Hb to release its bound oxygen
18
Q

how would a decreased Hb affinity for O2 affect the Hb disassociation curve?

A

shifts curve to the right

  • causes Hb to release its bound oxygen easier
19
Q

what metabolic factors will decrease Hemoglobins affinity for Oxygen?

A

increased Temperature

increased CO2 (Bohr effect)

increased H+

increased 2,3 diphosphoglycerate

20
Q

DPG (2,3 diphosphoglycerate) binds to ___________ hemoglobin better than it does to _________ hemoglobin

A

deoxygenated hemoglobin better than it does to oxygenated hemoglobin

  • net effect: shifts disassociation curve to the RIGHT
21
Q

how does anemia effect oxygen transport?

A

does not change arterial PO2 or Hb saturation

but TOTAL O2 content is reduced

22
Q

how does carbon monoxide reduce oxygen transport?

A

CO replaces O2 on Hb

23
Q

Hb affinity for CO is _____ times greater than for O2

A

200X

24
Q

what are the 3 ways CO2 is transported in the blood? which form accounts for the largest movement?

A

dissolved (7%)

bound to Hb (~23%)

**as HCO3- (70%)**

25
Q

T/F: CO2 will directly compete with O2 for binding sites on hemoglobin

A

FALSE

CO2 has no direct competition for O2 binding sites

26
Q

what causes an increase in hemoglobins affinity for CO2?

A

increased partial pressure of CO2 (increased Pco2)

27
Q

Bicarbonate is formed in __________ but transported in the ______

A

formed in erythrocytes

transported in the plasma

28
Q

what is the net result of the CO2 to HCO3- reaction?

A

Reaction acidifies the plasma

29
Q

the enzyme ______________ will convert CO2 and H2O into carbonic acid

A

carbonic anhydrase

30
Q

the Carbonic acid reaction reverses in the ________

A

lung

31
Q

H+ binds to _________ residues on Hb

A

histidine

32
Q

histadines affinity for H+ depends on what?

A

PO2

33
Q

____________ hemoglobin has a higher affinity for H+

A

deoxygenated

34
Q

Based on how Hemoglobin binds to H+, hypoventilation would cause ___________

A

causes respiratory acidosis

35
Q

Based on how Hemoglobin binds to H+, hyperventilation would cause ___________

A

causes respiratory alkalosis

physio- exam 3 (9 decks)

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