Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

physio- exam 3 > respiration part 2 > Flashcards

respiration part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

lung compliance is regulated by what?

A
  • lung elasticity

- surface tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where does the surface tension of the lungs exist at?

A

exists at air-water interface in alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

surface tension is reduced by _________

A

surfactants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define surface tension:

A

Surface tension is: a measure of the intermolecular attractive forces that stabilize liquid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

surface tension forces are strong on ______ side, but weak on ______ side

A

strong on liquid side

weak on the air side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how do surfactants reduce the surface tension of alveoli?

A

reduces surface tension by reducing intermolecular forces between water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T/F: Surface tension in alveoli (liquid-lined, air-filled spherical sacs) enhances expansion

A

FALSE

surface tension RESISTS expansion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

you can reduce surface tension by decreasing the _______ of water molecules

A

density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what regulates surfactant release in the lungs?

A

regulated by stretch receptors in Type II cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

T/F: Overcoming surface tension is more important than lung elasticity in determining lung compliance

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

a deficiency in surfactant production can cause what condition in infants?

A

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what group is at risk for acute respiratory distress syndrome?

A

pre-mature infants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the treatments for acute respiratory distress syndrome?

A

therapy includes artificial surfactant and mechanical ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

slow, deep breaths are a consequence of ___________ resistance

A

increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

rapid, shallow breathing is caused by ___________ compliance

A

decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Airflow is inversely proportional to ________ _______

A

airway resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the primary determinant of airway resistance?

A

tube radius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

besides tube radius, what else can effect airway resistance?

A

transpulmonary pressure

elasticity of tissue in airways

neural and chemical control of smooth muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Asthma is caused by what?

A

Inappropriate contraction of smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how can asthma be treated?

A

can be treated with glucocorticoid therapy and/or bronchodilators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the cause of Emphysema?

A

alveolar tissues damaged or destroyed, perhaps due to overproductioin of proteolytic enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

emphysema is a form of ______

A

COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what causes Chronic bronchitis?

A

mucus or inflammation impairs airflow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what effect does chronic bronchitis have on breathing patterns?

A

increased resistance = deeper breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Heimlich maneuver dislodges particulate matter in the _______________________

A

upper respiratory tract

26
Q

what is tidal volume (TV)?

A

Volume entering lungs per breath

about 500mL

27
Q

what is inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)?

A

max Volume inspired

about 3000 ml

28
Q

what is the expiratory reserve volume (ERV) of the lungs?

A

Volume exhaled beyond Tidal Volume (breathing out as much as you can)

about 1500 ml

29
Q

the _________ is the volume in the lungs after maximum exhalation

A

residual volume

30
Q

what is the “vital capacity” of the lungs?

A

IRV + ERV + TV

5000 ml

31
Q

what is the “total capacity” of the lungs?

A

vital capacity + residual volume

6000 ml

32
Q

what are the characteristics of obstructive lung disease?

A

decreased FEV1

normal vc

33
Q

how would restrictive lung disease affect vital capacity (VC) and forced expiratory volume (FEV1)?

A

restrictive lung disease:

Decreases vc

normal FEV1

34
Q

what is “Minute ventilation”

A

tidal V x respiratory rate

35
Q

what is anatomic dead space? how much does an average person have?

A

anatomical dead space (~150 ml) is the volume of air that is trapped in the alveoli, and is not exchanged during a respiratory cycle

36
Q

what is alveolar respiration?

A

AV = (tidal V – dead space) x respiratory rate

37
Q

how can you increase alveolar respiration rate?

A

can increase respiratory rate

can increase tidal volume (more effective than increasing rate)

38
Q

T/F: alveolar dead space is always greater than zero

A

true

39
Q

what is physiological dead space?

A

The sum of anatomical dead space + alveolar dead space

40
Q

____________ respiration is the gas exchange between air and blood in lung

A

external

41
Q

____________ respiration is the gas exchange between blood and cells (interstitial fluid)

A

internal

42
Q

both internal and external respiration occur via ________

A

diffusion

43
Q

how do Gases diffuse?

A

from high to low partial pressure

44
Q

pressure exerted by gas is proportional to what 2 factors?

A

temperature & concentration

45
Q

what is Henry’s Law?

A

amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of that gas in equilibrium with the liquid

46
Q

Partial pressure vs. concentration of a gas in liquid depends on what?

A

which gas it is and partial pressure of the gas

temperature

47
Q

Alveolar PO2 (how much O2 is available to the blood) is determined by:

A

atmospheric PO2 –

rate of alveolar ventilation –

rate of cellular O2 consumption –

48
Q

Alveolar gas pressures are altered by the ratio of __________ to ___________

A

ventilation to metabolism

49
Q

_____________ occurs when ventilation is decreased relative to metabolism

A

hypoventilation

50
Q

_____________ occurs when ventilation increased relative to metabolism

A

Hyperventilation

51
Q

what are the effects of hypoventilation on partial pressures?

A

decrease alveolar PO2

increase alveolar PCO2

52
Q

what are the effects of hyperventilation on partial pressures?

A

increase alveolar PO2

decrease alveolar PCO2

53
Q

T/F: hyperventilation occurs during exercise

A

False

54
Q

What happens to alveolar PO2 at high altitudes?

A

drops significantly

why?- the atmospheric partial pressure of O2 drops

55
Q

O2 uptake is compromised by what?

A

compromised by disease and strenuous exercise

56
Q

perfusion inequalities within the lung can be caused by what 2 disease conditions?

A

vascularized space with no ventilation

ventilated space with no blood supply

57
Q

how can local control in the lung respond to the perfusion inequalities?

A

respond by decreasing airflow in the lung (bronchoconstriction)

respond by decreasing bloodflow in the lung (vasoconstriction)

58
Q

what is the normal Partial pressure of O2 in the alveoli? what about CO2?

A

Alveolar PO2 = 105 mm Hg

Alveolar PCO2 = 40 mm Hg

59
Q

what is the partial pressure of O2 in sea-level air? how about CO2?

A

PO2 (at sea level) = 160 mm Hg

PCO2 (at sea level) = 0.3 mm Hg

60
Q

what are the partial pressures of O2 and CO2 as blood ENTERS the lung?

A

PO2 = 40 mm Hg

PCO2 = 46 mm Hg

61
Q

what are the partial pressures of O2 and CO2 as blood EXITS the lung?

A

PO2 = 100 mm Hg

PCO2 = 40 mm Hg

62
Q

what causes Alveolar dead space?

A

a mismatch between ventilation and bloodflow

physio- exam 3 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions