Respiration & Breathing Flashcards
How many life processes do all living things carryout?
8
What does the pneumonic MRS GRENI stand for?
Movement, Reproduction, Sensitivity, Growth, Respiration, Excretion, Nutrition, Control of Internal environment.
Which life process produces energy for most other life processes?
respiration
Respiration takes places in which part of every cell (both plant and animal)?
Mitochondria
Energy is contained in which food molecule/ covalent compound?
Glucose
What is the the process which releases the energy this molecule?
Respiration
Put these steps of energy release in order:
a) Glucose diffuses from blood into the cell
b) Food is digested
c) Glucose is used by mitochondria in respiration
d) Glucose is absorbed through the wall of the small intestine into the bloodstream.
e) Blood delivers glucose to all of the cells.
b, d, e, a, c.
Do muscles have more or less mitochondria than most cells and why?
Yes they have more mitochondria, as they require lots of energy for movement.
What is the name of this process?
Glucose + Oxygen —> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
Aerobic respiration
What is the process of Anaerobic Respiration?
Glucose —> Lactic acid + Energy
Is Anaerobic respiration more or less efficient than Aerobic respriation?
Less
When do bodies respire anaerobically?
When the body cannot get enough oxygen to the muscles cells quickly enough - e.g. during intensive exercise.
What colourless liquid is used to test for the presence of Carbon Dioxide (CO2)?
Limewater
When we blow through a tube/ straw into limewater, what change is seen
the clear liquid becomes milky due to the presence of carbon dioxide in the exhaled breath.
What is used to test concentration of carbon dioxide?
Hydrocarbonate indicator
which colour is seen in normal air tested with hydrocarbonate indicator?
Pink
what does a yellow result with hydrocarbonate indicator tell us?
There is a greater concentration of carbon dioxide than in normal air.
What colour would be seen in a hydrocarbonate indicator test of gas with a lower concentrate of carbon dioxide than normal air?
Purple
What do we commonly call the anaerobic respiration seen in yeast?
Fermentation
Is the anaerobic respiration seen in yeast the same process as anaerobic process seen in animals?
No
Describe anaerobic process in yeast in terms of input and output
Glucose —> Carbon Dioxide + Ethanol + Energy
Fill in the missing words in this description of the Human Circulatory System
Substances transported via _____, e.g. glucose & ______, taken to cells for ________, waste products e.g. _______ transported to away to be ________.
Blood, oxygen, respiration, carbon dioxide, excreted.
Where is the heart located in the human body?
behind and to the left of the breastbone.
What is name of the thick muscular wall of the heart?
Cardiac muscle.
Is the heart a weak or strong muscle?
Very strong - continuously working.
Why is the heart constantly pumping?
to send blood around the body and lungs in a constant cycle.
What is the main task of the Right hand side of the heart?
pumping blood to the lungs to collect oxygen.
Which side of the heart pumps oxygentated blood to the body
Left hand side
What is the valve on the right hand side of the heart called
Tricuspid Valve
Are the ventricles at the top or bottom of the heart?
bottom
Where are the Atriums in the heart?
above the ventricles
What is the valve in the left hand side of the heart called?
The Bicuspid Valve
Is the left hand side of the heart wall a thicker or thinner muscle than the right? Why?
Thicker, as it needs to pump the blood further requiring higher pressure.
Why does the heart have valves?
to keep the blood flowing one way and stop flowing backwards.
Name the main 3 types of blood vessels.
Arteries, Capillaries and Veins.
What type of blood vessel is described by the following:
Carries blood back to the heart, contains valves to ensure blood flows in one direction.
Veins
Are veins or arteries stronger and thicker?
Arteries.
Fill in the missing words from the following:
Arteries take ____________ blood away from the heart. Tough outside, ______ interior layer of epithelical cells allow blood to flow ______. Strong ___________ middle layer to aid pumping of blood.
Arteries take OXYGENATED blood away from the heart. Tough outside, SMOOTH interior layer of epithelical cells allow blood to flow EASILY. Strong MUSCULAR middle layer to aid pumping of blood.
which type of blood vessels connect arteries to veins?
Capillaries
Which type of blood vessels are where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occur?
Capillaries
Capilleries deliver ________ rich blood to veins.
Waste
Define Oxygen Debt
the amount of extra oxygen required by muscle tissue to break down lactic acid.
Why doesn’t breathing and heart rate return to normal straight after exercise?
The body has an oxygen debt, and requires additional oxygen to break down lactic acid.
When lactic acid is broken down using oxygen it creates?
Carbon Dioxide & Water.
What is breathing in humans?
The movement of air in and out of the lungs.
We inhale to take in what?
Oxygen.
Respiration produces what as a waste product?
Carbon dioxide
We exhale to excrete/ remove what?
Carbon dioxide
Are breathing and respiration the same thing?
No - but they are linked.
What is the name of the process described here:
Humans breathe in, taking in oxygen and breathe out, excreting carbon dioxide.
Gas exchange
Where does gas exchange take place in the human body?
The lungs
What is part of the body is described here:
Like big pink sponges made of elastic tissue, that expand when breathing in and contract when breathing out.
The lungs
What part of the skeleton protects the lungs.
The rib cage.
What part of the human body is described here:
A muscle that sits under the rib cage. It moves up when it relaxes and down when it contracts, to help air in and out of the lungs.
The Diaphragm.
Where does are entering the body go after the mouth or nose?
The trachea or windpipe
What is the name of the two tubes that take air from the trachea towards the lungs.
The bronchi (each bronchus goes into a lung)
What is the name of the smaller tubes air passes into after the bronchi, when inhaling.
Bronchioles.
What is the name of the small air sacks in the lungs that receive air from the bronchioles?
Alveoli
Where is the lungs does gas exchange happen?
In the Alveoli
Why do Alveoli have moist this walls?
to allow gases to diffuse/ move through quickly and easily.
What shape are alveoli and how does this adaptation aid efficient gas exchange?
rounded with a large surface area, allows many gas molecules to diffuse at once.
Why is it important that the alveoli have a good blood supply/ many capillaries?
To enable many gas molecules to diffuse between the blood and lungs.
Put these steps in the correct order:
1) Inhaled air into the alveolus
2) Inhaled air down the trachea
3) Inhaled air travels though the bronchiole
4) Inhale air into nose and mouth.
5) Oxygen diffused into blood.
6) Inhales air travels into the bronchus
4, 2, 6, 3, 1, 5.
