Nutrition Flashcards
What are the 5 main food groups?
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Vitamins, Minerals and Proteins
What other 2 nutrients does a healthy human diet need?
Water and fibre
What do carbohydrates provide?
Energy
What are some sources of carbohydrates?
Pasta, bread, rice, potatoes, cereals
What nutrient is essential to grow, repair and make new cells?
Protein
What are meat, fish, eggs and beans sources of?
Protein
What do lipids provide?
Energy. They also store energy and insulate the body.
What are butter, oil, nuts and cheese sources of?
Lipids.
What nutrient keeps vital processes, cells and organs working?
Vitamins
What are some sources of vitamins?
Fruit and vegetables.
What do minerals do?
Keep main body components healthy (teeth, nerves)
What are salt and milk sources of?
Minerals (sodium and calcium)
What nutrient is needed for cells, bodily fluids and many chemical reactions?
water
What are some sources of water?
Water, fruit juice and milk.
What does fibre provide?
Roughage and keeps food moving through the gut
What are cereals, vegetables and beans sources of?
Fibre
True or false: different people have different energy requirements.
True
What do energy requirements depend on?
A person’s activity level, age and body mass.
How do you prepare a sample for a food test?
- Crush food with a pestle and mortar. 2. Add this to a test tube. 3. Add a few drops of distilled water. 4. Mix thoroughly.
Why do people use distilled water in food tests?
Because it has had many impurities removed, and, therefore, will not interfere with the results.
What is the chemical used to test for starch?
Iodine solution
What is the result of a positive test for starch?
The solution will turn from orange –> blue-black.
What is Biuret solution used to test for?
Protein
What is the result of a positive test for protein?
The solution will turn from pale blue –> purple
What is the chemical used to test for sugar?
Benedict’s solution
What is the result of a positive test for sugar?
The solution will turn from blue –> orange
What is an ethanol and water solution used to test for?
Lipids
What is the result of a positive test for lipids?
The solution will turn from clear –> cloudy
Define overnutrition:
regularly consuming more energy than is expended
What are some health problems caused by overnutrition?
Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes.
What are the effects of obesity?
High blood pressure, high cholesterol, a reduced effect of insulin
What are type 2 diabetes, heart disease, strokes and cancer consequences of?
Obesity
What is type 2 diabetes?
When the body struggles to maintain the level of glucose in the blood.
What is it called when people don’t get enough food to eat?
Starvation
What are some effects of starvation?
Slow growth, being more likely to get infections and irregular menstrual cycles.
What causes deficiency diseases?
When a body doesn’t get enough vitamins or minerals.
What can a lack of vitamin C cause?
Scurvy
What is the formula for calculating a daily basic energy requirement?
Daily BER (kj/day) = 5.4 x 24 hours x body mass (kg)
