Elements, Compounds and Mixtures Flashcards
How many types of atom are in an element?
1
How many types of atom are in a compound?
2 or more
Are elements in compounds chemically combined?
Yes
Are elements in mixtures chemically combined?
No
What do chemical formulae show?
They are used to describe compounds - e.g. H2O is two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom which have been chemically combined.
How many elements or compounds is a pure substance made of?
1
Do compounds have fixed melting and boiling points?
Yes
Do mixtures have fixed melting and boiling points?
No
Which of the two, compound or mixture, can be separated by physical means?
Mixture
Describe a solution:
A solution is made when a soluble solid dissolves in a liquid.
What is the liquid part of a solution called?
Solvent
What is the solid part of a solution called?
Solute
What is the other name for evaporation?
Crystallisation
Describe evaporation:
The solvent will evaporate leaving behind the solute.
What is group 1 of the periodic table commonly known as?
The alkali metals
What are the properties of group 1 on the periodic table?
Very reactive, very soft, low melting point and low density.
Where do the transition metals sit on the periodic table?
The middle block
Are transition metals hard or soft?
Hard
Are transition metals good electronic conductors?
Yes
Do transition metals have a high or low melting and boiling point?
High
What is group 7 of the periodic table known as?
Halogens
Are halogens metallic or non-metal elements?
Non-metal
How many atoms form the simple molecules of halogens?
2
What is the name of the bond that links the atoms together in halogens?
A covalent bond
Describe a covalent bond:
a bond between atoms that share electrons to achieve a full outer shell of electrons.
As you move down the halogens in the periodic table, do the melting and boiling points increase or decrease?
Increase
Which group do the noble gases belong to?
Group 0
What does the name ‘inert gases’ mean?
Very unreactive gases.
Do noble gases exist as single atoms?
Yes
Do noble gases have low or high boiling points?
Very low
Why do the boiling points increase as you go down group 0?
The atoms are larger with stronger intermolecular forces, therefore more energy is required to break the forces and allow boiling.
Name the following symbols: H, He, Li, Be, B.
Hydrogen, Helium, Lithium, Beryllium, Boron.
Give the chemical symbols for: carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and neon.
C, N, O, F and Ne
Name the following symbols: Na, Mg, Al, Si, P
Sodium, magnesium, aluminium, silicon, phosphorous.
Give the chemical symbols for: sulfur, chlorine, argon, potassium and calcium.
S, Cl, Ar, K, Ca.
Give the chemical symbol for: copper, gold, silver, mercury, manganese, iron
Cu, Au, Ag, Hg, Mn, Fe
Name the following symbols: Xe, Sn, I, Pb, Zn, Br, As
Xenon, tin, iodine, lead, zinc, bromine, arsenic.
What are the three things that usually affect the state of a substance?
Material, pressure, temperature.
Define volume and identify which state has a definite volume:
Volume is the space that something takes up - liquid and solid.
Do liquids have a definite shape?
No, they match the shape of the container.
Do gases usually have a high or low density?
Low
Are liquids easily compressed and why?
No, because the particles are still packed close together, liquids can’t easily be compressed and keep the same volume
Do solids flow?
Yes and no - but for simpletons; no
Fill in the blanks: the particles in a ___ stay the ___ whether it is a ___, ___ or a ___. What changes is the arrangement of the particles and their ___.
The particles in a SUBSTANCE stay the SAME whether is is a SOLID, LIQUID or GAS. What changes is the arrangement of the particles and their ENERGY.
Which has the least energy: solids, liquids or gases?
Solids.
Order solids, liquids and gases from strongest to weakest forces of attraction between particles.
Solids, liquids, gases
Describe the arrangement of particles in solids.
Held close together, in fixed positions, with regular arrangement but do vibrate.
Which state would usually have the lowest density?
Gas
From the following description, identify the state; particles are free to move quickly in all directions.
Gas
From the following description, identify the state; particles close together, free to move past each other, constantly moving in all directions.
Liquid
Who created the first version of the periodic table|?
Mendeleev
What are the vertical columns in the periodic table called?
Groups
What are the horizontal rows in the periodic table called?
Periods
Identify the type of element from this description: good conductors of heat and electricity, high melting and boiling point, sonorous, ductile, malleable.
Metals
Give three properties of non-metals.
Low melting and boiling point, brittle, dull and poor conductors.
What is the liquid called in the filtration process?
Filtrate
What is the solid caught in the filter called?
Residue
When two different elements combine, what does a compound usually end with?
‘-ide’ e.g. carbon dioxIDE
When three or more different elements combine, and one is oxygen, what is the usual ending?
‘-ate’ e.g. copper sulfATE
What would you call a solution that won’t dissolve anymore solute at that temperature?
Saturated
Why does solubility increase with temperature?
Because the particles move faster.
True or false: all solutes dissolve in all solvents.
False.
