Respiration And Gas Exchange Flashcards
1 molecule of glucose = how much ATP
1 molecule glucose = 40 molecules ATP (approx.)
What is cellular respiration
Substances such as glucose are broken down to release energy. Can be aerobic or anaerobic
Word equation for aerobic respiration
Glucose + Oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water + energy as ATP
Chemical equation for aerobic respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O (+energy as ATP)
Some energy released in respiration is heat energy. What is this used for (mammals)
To keep warm
In what part of the cell does respiration occur and ATP made
Small structures called mitochondria
What is germination
When seeds start to grow and develop roots and shoots. They have to use up stored chemical energy in the seeds to do this.
Word equation for anaerobic respiration (mammals)
Glucose –> lactic acid + energy as ATP
Word equation for anaerobic respiration (plants and microorganisms)
Glucose –> ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy as ATP
How much energy is produced in aerobic and anaerobic respiration in the same amount of time.
Aerobic respiration produces twice as much ATP as anaerobic respiration
(Aerobic respiration produces very little energy very quickly)
When would muscle cells use anaerobic respiration
Muscle cells can respire anaerobically when they are short of oxygen
How do yeast cells reproduce
Asexually. They do this by creating a bud, this bud eventually breaks off from the parent cell forming a new cell
What is energy released as ?
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate), an energy rich compound
What can the energy produced from respiration be used for
Using your muscles to move
Growth
Reparation
Which organs are likely to contain a lot of mitochondria
Muscle cells, liver cells, kidney cells
Anaerobic respiration :
Does not use oxygen
Lactic acid or alcohol made
CO2 not made in animal cells
Very little energy made approx 2 ATP
Aerobic respiration
Uses oxygen
No alcohol or lactic acid made
CO2 always made
Large amounts of energy made approx 40
What happens to your breathing if you do exercise
The average number of breaths per minute goes up
Why do alveoli have big surface areas?
To allow gas exchange to occur quickly by diffusion
Which pigment inside red blood cells is responsible for transporting oxygen
Haemoglobin
What are the features that alveoli and capillaries have that makes them suitable for gas exchange
They lie close together
Large surface area in contact for both
Both made from a single layer of cells (thin) = rapid diffusion
Summary about volume to surface area
As organisms become larger (multi cellular) their surface area to volume ratio decreases. This makes it more difficult for materials to pass into or out of cells without the extra help from the circulatory system
How does yeast reproduce?
Asexually. They do this by creating a bud, this new cell developed until it eventually breaks away from the parent cell
How is beer made?
By fermentation which uses yeast to convert sugars to ethanol
