Respiration And Gas Exchange Flashcards

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1
Q

1 molecule of glucose = how much ATP

A

1 molecule glucose = 40 molecules ATP (approx.)

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2
Q

What is cellular respiration

A

Substances such as glucose are broken down to release energy. Can be aerobic or anaerobic

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3
Q

Word equation for aerobic respiration

A

Glucose + Oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water + energy as ATP

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4
Q

Chemical equation for aerobic respiration

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O (+energy as ATP)

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5
Q

Some energy released in respiration is heat energy. What is this used for (mammals)

A

To keep warm

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6
Q

In what part of the cell does respiration occur and ATP made

A

Small structures called mitochondria

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7
Q

What is germination

A

When seeds start to grow and develop roots and shoots. They have to use up stored chemical energy in the seeds to do this.

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8
Q

Word equation for anaerobic respiration (mammals)

A

Glucose –> lactic acid + energy as ATP

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9
Q

Word equation for anaerobic respiration (plants and microorganisms)

A

Glucose –> ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy as ATP

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10
Q

How much energy is produced in aerobic and anaerobic respiration in the same amount of time.

A

Aerobic respiration produces twice as much ATP as anaerobic respiration
(Aerobic respiration produces very little energy very quickly)

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11
Q

When would muscle cells use anaerobic respiration

A

Muscle cells can respire anaerobically when they are short of oxygen

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12
Q

How do yeast cells reproduce

A

Asexually. They do this by creating a bud, this bud eventually breaks off from the parent cell forming a new cell

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13
Q

What is energy released as ?

A

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate), an energy rich compound

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14
Q

What can the energy produced from respiration be used for

A

Using your muscles to move
Growth
Reparation

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15
Q

Which organs are likely to contain a lot of mitochondria

A

Muscle cells, liver cells, kidney cells

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16
Q

Anaerobic respiration :

A

Does not use oxygen
Lactic acid or alcohol made
CO2 not made in animal cells
Very little energy made approx 2 ATP

17
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

Uses oxygen
No alcohol or lactic acid made
CO2 always made
Large amounts of energy made approx 40

18
Q

What happens to your breathing if you do exercise

A

The average number of breaths per minute goes up

19
Q

Why do alveoli have big surface areas?

A

To allow gas exchange to occur quickly by diffusion

20
Q

Which pigment inside red blood cells is responsible for transporting oxygen

A

Haemoglobin

21
Q

What are the features that alveoli and capillaries have that makes them suitable for gas exchange

A

They lie close together
Large surface area in contact for both
Both made from a single layer of cells (thin) = rapid diffusion

22
Q

Summary about volume to surface area

A

As organisms become larger (multi cellular) their surface area to volume ratio decreases. This makes it more difficult for materials to pass into or out of cells without the extra help from the circulatory system

23
Q

How does yeast reproduce?

A

Asexually. They do this by creating a bud, this new cell developed until it eventually breaks away from the parent cell

24
Q

How is beer made?

A

By fermentation which uses yeast to convert sugars to ethanol