Nature And The Variety Of Living Oraganisms Flashcards
What are the different kingdoms?
Fungi, bacteria, viruses, animals and plants
How many kingdoms are there?
5
What does MRS C GREN stand for
Move Respire Sensitive Control Grow Reproduce Excrete Nutrition
What are the common feature/characteristics of plants?
Multicellular Contain chloroplasts Able to carry out photosynthesis Cellulose cell wall Store carbohydrates as starch or sucrose
What are common features/characteristics of animals
Multicellular
Don’t contain chlorophyll so cannot carry out photosynthesis
No cell wall
Usually have nervous coordination and are able to move from place to place
Often store carbohydrates as glycogen
Common features/characteristics in fungi
Body organised in mycelium (but some are single celled)
Not able to carry out photosynthesis
Cell walls made of chitin
Saprotrophic nutrition(extracellular secretion of digestive enzymes on to food material and the absorption of organic products)
May store carbohydrates as glycogen
Common features/characteristics of bacteria
Microscopic single celled organisms
Simple cell structure with no nucleus but a single circular chromosome of DNA
Most feed on other living or dead organisms but some can carry out photosynthesis
They have a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm and plasmids
Common features/characteristics of viruses
Small particles (smaller than bacteria) Parasitic and can only reproduce inside living cells No cellular structure but a protein coat and contains one type of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)
Example of bacteria
Lactobacillus bulgaricus
Pneumococcus
What is lactobacillus bulgaricus
A bacteria used in the production of yoghurt. It is rod shaped
What is pneumococcus
A spherical bacterium that acts as the pathogen causing pneumonia
Examples of viruses
Influenza
Tobacco mosaic virus
What is influenza
Tha cause of the flu
What is tobacco mosaic virus
It causes the discolouring of the leaves of tobacco plants by preventing the formation of chloroplasts (which will affect photosynthesis and therefore the yield)
What are some examples of plants?
Flowering plants - cereal e.g maize Herbaceous legume (has a soft stem)- peas or beans
Examples of animals
Mammals-humans, elephants e.t.c
Insects- houseflies, mosquitos e.t.c
How do fungi feed
They feed by extracellular secretion of digestive enzymes onto food material and the absorption of the organic products-this is known saprotrophic nutrition
Examples of fungi
Mucor -contains the typical hyphal structure
Yeast- single celled
What are protoctists?
Microscopic single celled organisms
An example of a protoctist that has features like an animal cell
Amoeba - lives in pond water
An example of a protoctist that has more similar features to a plant
Chlorella- has chloroplasts
An example of a pathogenic protoctist
Plasmodium -causes malaria
What does the HIV virus cause?
AIDS
What can pathogens be in the form of
Pathogens may be fungi, bacteria, protoctists or viruses
What is a pathogen
Disease causing
What are the levels of organisation within an organism
Oganelle-cells-tissues-organs and systems
