Human Reproduction Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What happens days 1-5 of the menstruales cycle?

A

First day the lining of the uterus is shed and then FHS is released from the pituitary gland stimulating the growth of a new egg cell surrounded by a cluster of cells called a follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What happens days 5-14

A

The follicle cells produce oestrogen which causes the lining of the uterus to build up again. Around day 14 ovulation happens (where a mature egg is released) and LH is released.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where is FSH released from and what is its role?

A

FSH is released from the pituitary gland and causes an egg to mature in an ovary and stimulates the ovaries to release oestrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is oestrogen released from and what is its role?

A

Released from the ovaries and it stops FSH being produced (so that only one egg matures in a cycle). Repairs and thickens the uterus lining. Stimulates the pituitary gland to release LH.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is LH released from and what is its role?

A

It is released from the pituitary gland and triggers ovulation (the release of a mature egg)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is progesterone released from and what is its role?

A

It is released from the ovaries and it maintains the lining of the uterus during the middle part of the menstrual cycle and during pregnancy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens if fertilisation does not occur in the oviduct/fallopian tube?

A

The egg travels down the oviduct and is shed with the uterus. (The egg travels down the oviduct for 14 days and the oestrogen and progesterone levels fall in the last 2 days)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is implantation?

A

When the embryo embeds itself into the uterus lining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the zygote undergo to become the embryo?

A

Mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How long is the average menstrual cycle

A

28 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does the amniotic fluid protect a developing embryo and foetus?

A

It acts as a ‘shock absorber’ to protect it from bumps to the mothers body and provides a stable environment by regulating temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where do substances diffuse across from the mothers blood and the baby’s blood?

A

Th intervillous space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does the intervillous space protect the baby?

A

It can help stop harmful pathogens and some viruses from getting into the babies blood stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is transferred through the umbilical cord?

A

To the baby: small soluble nutrients (glucose, other sugars, amino acids, fatty acids and glycerol) and oxygen (as it can not do gas exchange by itself) antibodies are also transferred across (as they are very small) to provide immunity
To the mother: carbon dioxide and urea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is the placenta adapted for exchange?

A

The lining is folded and has villi to increase surface area. It also has a big blood supply.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What blood vessels are in the umbilical cord?

A

Veins and arteries

17
Q

What is the urethra?

A

the tube inside the penis that can carry urine or semen. A ring of muscle ensures that urine and semen do not get mixed up.

18
Q

What happens in the sperm duct and sex glands?

A

The sperm pass through the sperm ducts, and mix with fluids produced by glands. The fluids provide the sperm cells with nutrients. The mixture is semen

19
Q

What are the functions of the testes?

A

To produce sperm

To make the hormone testosterone

20
Q

What do the two ovaries contain?

A

Ova (eggs) ovum (egg)

21
Q

How do the eggs get from the ovary to the uterus?

A

Each ovary is connected to the uterus by an oviduct (fallopian tube). The oviduct is lined with ciliated cells. Every month, an ovum (egg) develops and becomes mature, and is released from an ovary. The cilia waft the ovum along inside the oviduct and into the uterus.

22
Q

What is the uterus and the cervix

A

The uterus is a muscular bag with a soft lining. It is where a baby develops until its birth. The cervix is a ring of muscle at the lower end of the uterus. It keeps the baby in place while the woman is pregnant.

23
Q

What is the vagina and cervix

A

The vagina is a muscular tube that leads from the cervix to the outside of the woman’s body. The opening to the vagina has folds of skin called labia that meet to form a vulva.
The urethra also opens into the vulva, but it is separate from the vagina. It passes urine out of the body from the bladder.

24
Q

What are the functions of a penis

A
  • to pass urine out of the body from the bladder

- to pass semen into a woman