Enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

When do enzymes work the best?

A

At optimum pH and optimum temperature

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2
Q

How can enzyme activity be changed?

A

By altering pH and temperature

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3
Q

What happens when the temperature is above the optimum temp?

A

It denatures the enzyme

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4
Q

What happens if the temperature is below the optimum temp

A

The enzyme can be inactive

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5
Q

What happens if the pH is above the optimum

A

It will denature the enzyme and if below it can be inactive

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6
Q

Enzymes are biological catalysts. What does this mean?

A

They can speed up chemical reactions and break down or build up molecules. Enzymes do not take part in the reactions they catalyse

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7
Q

What is a substrate

A

A chemical that enzymes act upon

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8
Q

Each Enzyme acts on a specific substrate. What does this mean

A

They are specialised for certain substrates. E.g amylase always acts on starch and it could never act on a protein or fat molecules

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9
Q

Explain how enzymes fit into substrates

A

They fit into the active site of the substrate. E.g lock and key

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10
Q

What are the types of digestive enzymes

A

Charbohydrases
Proteases
Lipases

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11
Q

Starch reaction:

A

Starch digested by amylase –> maltose

Amylase- salivary or pancreatic

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12
Q

Reaction for maltose

A

Maltose digested by maltase –> glucose

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13
Q

Reaction for protein

A

Protein digested by proteases –> amino acids

Proteases e.g pepsin

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14
Q

Reaction for lipids

A

Lipids digested by Lipases –> fatty acids & glycerol

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15
Q

Reaction for hydrogen peroxide

A

H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) digested by catalase –> water + oxygen

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16
Q

What is the order of consumption?

A

Ingestion -> digestion -> absorption -> assimilation -> egestion

17
Q

What is ingestion

A

The process by which food material is taken into the body, the material is taken into the mouth and chewed up into smaller pieces by teeth

18
Q

What is digestion

A

Can be either mechanical (teeth) or chemical (enzymes). It is the process by which larger complex molecules are broken down into smaller more simple molecules

19
Q

What is absorption

A

The process by which the smaller molecules produced by digestion are passed into the blood supply of the ileum. The molecules pass across to the blood by diffusion and defines by active transport

20
Q

What is assimilation?

A

The process by which the small molecules absorbed into the blood are passed into body cells and are then used to make the chemicals needed by the body. For example the amino acids from a plant protein can be arranged to make muscle protein in your body

21
Q

What is egestion

A

The process by which undigested material (fibre) and dead cells and bacteria are removed from the body. E.g faeces POOO

22
Q

What are enzymes made of?

A

Proteins