Genes And Inheritance Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an allele

A

An allele is a different form/version of the same gene (e.g. Different base sequence in the DNA)

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2
Q

There are two strands coiled to form the double helix DNA. One is for dosing what is the other one for?

A

Protection

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3
Q

Where are chromosomes found?

A

In the nucleus of a cell

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4
Q

Where are genes located

A

On chromosomes

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5
Q

What is a gene

A

A section of a molecule of DNA. It codes for a specific protein,

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6
Q

What is a mutation

A

A change in the sequence of bases in DNA, it causes different forms of a gene (allele)

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7
Q

What does mitosis produce

A

Identical cells. Some organisms use it for asexual reproduction

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8
Q

What does meiosis produce

A

Gametes which are haploid for sexual reproduction

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9
Q

How many chromosomes are there in a nuclei of a body cell

A

46

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10
Q

What combination of x and y do you have if you’re a girl

A

XX

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11
Q

What combination of x and y do you have if you’re a boy

A

X Y

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12
Q

Dominant definition

A

Only one allele needs to be like this for the characteristic to appear

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13
Q

Recessive definition

A

Both alleles need to be recessive for the characteristic to appear

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14
Q

Homozygous definition

A

When the two alleles in a pair are the same

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15
Q

Heterozygous definition

A

When the two alleles in a pair are different

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16
Q

Phenotype definition

A

The physical characteristic of an organism

17
Q

Genotype definition

A

The collection of genes inside the nucleus

18
Q

Codominance definition

A

When the phenotype is affected by both alleles working in combination

19
Q

What does mitosis help with

A

Growth, repair, cloning and asexual reproduction

20
Q

How does meiosis produce gametes?

A

It begins with a single cell (diploid) which makes a copy of each chromosome. The cell then divides into two (haploid) then each cells divides into 2 again so you have 4 haploid cells that are all genetically different.

21
Q

What is a mutation (general)

A

A rare random change in genetic material that can be inherited.

22
Q

The theory of evolution by natural selection

A

Evolution happen by natural selection. Since there is competition for resources in the natural world only those most suited to their environment can survive and pass their genes onto the next generation. Mutations in genetics can also lead to population variation giving some individuals an advantage or disadvantage.

23
Q

What are the 4 bases of a DNA nucleotide

A

Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine

24
Q

Process of bacteria becoming antibiotic resistant

A

Bacteria reproduce very frequently. During reproduction mutations may occur and some mutations can cause bacteria to become resistant to antibiotics, if the full course of antibiotics are not taken resistant bacteria will survive. These resistant bacteria will multiply until the whole population is resistant to antibiotics.

25
Q

How can the likeliness of mutation be increased

A

Exposure to ionising radiation (gamma, X-ray, ultraviolet) and some chemical mutagens (chemicals in tobacco)