Respiration And Gas Exchange

Question 1

1 molecule of glucose = how much ATP

Answer 1

1 molecule glucose = 40 molecules ATP (approx.)

Question 2

What is cellular respiration

Answer 2

Substances such as glucose are broken down to release energy. Can be aerobic or anaerobic

Question 3

Word equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 3

Glucose + Oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water + energy as ATP

Question 4

Chemical equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 4

C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O (+energy as ATP)

Question 5

Some energy released in respiration is heat energy. What is this used for (mammals)

Answer 5

To keep warm

Question 6

In what part of the cell does respiration occur and ATP made

Answer 6

Small structures called mitochondria

Question 7

What is germination

Answer 7

When seeds start to grow and develop roots and shoots. They have to use up stored chemical energy in the seeds to do this.

Question 8

Word equation for anaerobic respiration (mammals)

Answer 8

Glucose –> lactic acid + energy as ATP

Question 9

Word equation for anaerobic respiration (plants and microorganisms)

Answer 9

Glucose –> ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy as ATP

Question 10

How much energy is produced in aerobic and anaerobic respiration in the same amount of time.

Answer 10

Aerobic respiration produces twice as much ATP as anaerobic respiration
(Aerobic respiration produces very little energy very quickly)

Question 11

When would muscle cells use anaerobic respiration

Answer 11

Muscle cells can respire anaerobically when they are short of oxygen

Question 12

How do yeast cells reproduce

Answer 12

Asexually. They do this by creating a bud, this bud eventually breaks off from the parent cell forming a new cell

Question 13

What is energy released as ?

Answer 13

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate), an energy rich compound

Question 14

What can the energy produced from respiration be used for

Answer 14

Using your muscles to move
Growth
Reparation

Question 15

Which organs are likely to contain a lot of mitochondria

Answer 15

Muscle cells, liver cells, kidney cells

Question 16

Anaerobic respiration :

Answer 16

Does not use oxygen
Lactic acid or alcohol made
CO2 not made in animal cells
Very little energy made approx 2 ATP

Question 17

Aerobic respiration

Answer 17

Uses oxygen
No alcohol or lactic acid made
CO2 always made
Large amounts of energy made approx 40

Question 18

What happens to your breathing if you do exercise

Answer 18

The average number of breaths per minute goes up

Question 19

Why do alveoli have big surface areas?

Answer 19

To allow gas exchange to occur quickly by diffusion

Question 20

Which pigment inside red blood cells is responsible for transporting oxygen

Answer 20

Haemoglobin

Question 21

What are the features that alveoli and capillaries have that makes them suitable for gas exchange

Answer 21

They lie close together
Large surface area in contact for both
Both made from a single layer of cells (thin) = rapid diffusion

Question 22

Summary about volume to surface area

Answer 22

As organisms become larger (multi cellular) their surface area to volume ratio decreases. This makes it more difficult for materials to pass into or out of cells without the extra help from the circulatory system

Question 23

How does yeast reproduce?

Answer 23

Asexually. They do this by creating a bud, this new cell developed until it eventually breaks away from the parent cell

Question 24

How is beer made?

Answer 24

By fermentation which uses yeast to convert sugars to ethanol