Plants Flashcards
Chemical equation for photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
How is glucose used for storage?
Glucose is soluble in water and if it were stored as glucose in plant cells it would dissolve and affect the water balance of the plant. Instead it is converted into starch which is not soluble.
How is glucose used in respiration
Glucose is broken down using oxygen to provide energy for cells.
How is glucose used to create the necessary amino acids for plants
Glucose combines with Nitrates and other mineral ions from the soil to form amino acids which are the built up into proteins.
How is glucose used to strengthen cell walls
Plants and algae build up glucose into more complex carbohydrates (like cellulose) which are used to strengthen the cell walls
How is glucose used to create energy stores
Glucose can be used to build up fats and oils (lipids) which act as energy stores and can be used in seeds to give them the energy they need to germinate
Word and chemical equation for respiration
Oxygen + glucose -> carbon dioxide+ water vapour + energy (ATP)
6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 +6H2O + energy(ATP)
Why do you destarch leaves before testing them for starch?
So you don’t test already present starch
How do you test for starch in a leaf
Boil the leaf and then dip it in ethanol to stop metabolic reactions and remove chlorophyl. Dip the leaf back into hot water to soften it, then lay out the leaf on a white tile. Cover the leaf in iodine solution. If starch is present it goes blue black if there is no starch it will stay yellowy orange
Hydrogen carbonate indicator shows the presence of what?
Carbon dioxide
What colour does hydrogen carbonate indicator go when showing positive and negative results?
Yellow if there is more co2 stays red if there is still an atmospheric level of co2 and goes purple if there is less co2
Word equation for photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide + water -sunlight trapped as chlorophyl–> glucose + oxygen
What solution removes co2
Potassium hydroxide
Why do plants need nitrate ions and what does a deficiency of nitrate ions cause?
Building proteins and growth
Deficiency: poor growth and yellow leaves
What do plants use magnesium ions for and what does a deficiency of magnesium ions cause?
Used for photosynthesis (magnesium is what makes chlorophyll green and is in chlorophyll)
Deficiency: yellow leaves
What are stomata?
Small holes in the epidermis of leaves where gas exchange happens
What does the xylem transport?
Water
What is water used for in plants
Photosynthesis
Germination
Keeping cells turgid
Transport
Why does water evaporate (by diffusion) from the leaf surface? (Transpiration)
To set up a concentration gradient
Describe the transpiration stream
Water moves out of roots and into xylem by osmosis. The water then moves up the xylem due to the tension due to water loss and the cohesion and capillarity of water. Water then moves from the xylem into the pal aside cells by osmosis.