Blood Circulaton (not Including Heart)

Question 1

What are veins

Answer 1

Veins carry blood towards the heart under low pressure and velocity

Question 2

The arteries that branch out into smaller vessels are called …

Answer 2

arterioles

Question 3

The veins that branch out into smaller vessels are called …

Answer 3

venules

Question 4

What are capillaries

Answer 4

Capillaries are very small vessels linking to the arterioles and the venules. They branch out many times and lie in the tissues of the body, amongst the cells. They have a very small diameter but the walls are thin.
It is here that diffusion of substance occurs between blood and the fluid which surrounds the cells.

Question 5

What colour is oxygenated blood usually represented as ?

Answer 5

Red.

It is actually dark red

Question 6

What colour is deoxygenated blood usually represented as?

Answer 6

Blue.

It is actually a light red

Question 7

What are the lymphatic vessels for?

Answer 7

The fluid that inevitably leaks out of thin walled capillaries is collected by the lymphatic vessels and eventually drains back into the bloodstream

Question 8

What are arteries

Answer 8

Arteries carry blood away from the heart under high pressure and velocity

Question 9

Pulmonary is to do with …

Answer 9

Lungs

Question 10

Hepatic is to do with ..

Answer 10

Liver

Question 11

Renal is to do with ..

Answer 11

Kidneys

Question 12

What is the lumen

Answer 12

The space inside a blood vessel

Question 13

What is the structure of an artery

Answer 13

Round shape 
Thick outer wall
Thick layer of muscle + elastic fibres (so that it can recoil and doesn't burst)
Smooth lining 
Small lumen

Question 14

What is the structure of a vein

Answer 14

Misshapen
Fairly thin outer wall
Thin layer of muscle & elastic fibres 
Smooth lining 
Large lumen

Question 15

What is the structure of a capillary (all cells are very close to a capillary)

Answer 15

Very small lumen

Wall made of a single layer of cells (so that diffusion happens quickly and easily)

Question 16

Why do we need a circulatory system

Answer 16

To ensure all cells have fresh nutrients and that waste products are removed

Question 17

What are the 3 main components of the circulatory system

Answer 17

Heart
Blood
Blood vessels

Question 18

All mammals have a double circulatory system. What does this mean?

Answer 18

For every complete circuit of the body, the blood passes through the heart twice

Question 19

Coronary is to do with …

Answer 19

The heart

Question 20

What are the two types of white blood cells?

Answer 20

Lymphocytes and phagocytes

Question 21

Describe a phagocyte (appearance)

Answer 21

Weirdly shaped,
Lobed nucleus
Grainy cytoplasm (sacks of enzymes that digest materials/pathogens taken into the cell)

Question 22

How do lymphocytes work?

Answer 22

Lymphocytes produce specific antibodies to fight particular pathogens. The antibody slots into the pathogen in a lock and key way. Lymphocytes remember which antibodies to produce so if the pathogen returns it can be fought off quickly as the lymphocyte will produce them quickly

Question 23

How do phagocytes work?

Answer 23

Phagocytes ingest pathogens and then digest them

Question 24

What does blood contain?

Answer 24

Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma

Question 25

Why do larger organisms have respiratory systems e.t.c but unicellular organisms don’t

Answer 25

Larger organism need help with diffusion because their volume to surface area ration is smaller

Question 26

What are the three main components of the circulatory system?

Answer 26

Heart, blood and blood vessels

Question 27

Hepatic vein and artery are connected to what?

Answer 27

The liver

Question 28

What does the hepatic portal vein connect?

Answer 28

The ileum to the liver

Question 29

What do the renal vein and artery connect to?

Answer 29

The kidneys

Question 30

What are the two vena cavas?

Answer 30

Vena cava from head

Vena cava from body

Question 31

Why is the circulatory system called a double circulatory system?

Answer 31

It passed through the heart twice.

Question 32

What does plasma do?

Answer 32

Plasma is a straw-coloured liquid. It transports dissolved substances around the body, including:
hormones
nutrients, such as water, glucose, amino acids, minerals and vitamins
waste substances, such as carbon dioxide and urea
Red blood cells

Question 33

Adaptions of red blood cells

Answer 33

Flexible membrane
Dip in middle gives a high surface area to volume ratio so lots of exchange sites
No nucleus so can keep more haemoglobin which carries oxygen

Question 34

How do vaccinations work?

Answer 34

A damaged or dead virus is injected into the body. It results in the manufacturing of memory cells which enables future antibody production to the pathogen to occur sooner, faster and in greater quality

Question 35

Platelets are involved in blood clotting. Why do we need blood clots?

Answer 35

Prevents blood loss and entry of microorganisms into the body

Question 36

Process of blood clotting?

Answer 36

Damage platelets which starts a series of reactions, fibrinogen (made in liver, present in plasma. Large protein) goes to fibrin (insoluble thread which form clots)
FIBRINOGEN TO FIBRIN

Question 37

General points in arteries

Answer 37

Arteries carry blood away from the heart
Carry oxygenated blood (except pulmonary artery)
Arteries tend to be deeper in the body for protection (blood loss from a would in an artery would be fatal as there is high pressured blood)

Question 38

General points about veins

Answer 38

Veins carry blood towards the heart
Carry deoxygenated blood (except pulmonary vein)
Veins near the surface of the skin. Appear blue but the blood they carry is actually dark red