Respiration and Gas Exchange Flashcards
What is the respiration equation
Glucose+Oxygen - carbon dioxide+water
C6H12O6 + 6O2 - 6CO2 + 6H20
What is anaerobic respiration in animals
Glucose - lactic acid (+energy)
What is anaerobic respiration equation in plants
Glucose - ethanol + carbon dioxide
How to see if carbon dioxide is present
- Use hydrogen carbonate indicator to show organisms produce CO2 when they respire
- If present colour change from orange to yellow
What is Anaerobic Respiration?
- When you do a lot of exercise your body cannot supply enough oxygen to muscles for anaerobic respiration
- Anaerobic means without oxygen
- Releases much less energy, glucose only partially broken down down and lactic acid is produced which can lead to cramp
What is Aerobic Respiration?
- Plenty of oxygen available
* Best way to transfer energy from glucose
How to test the temperature change produced by Respiration?
- Add each set of beans to a vacuum flask, some air left so beans can respire aerobically
- Place thermometer in each flask&seal top
- Record the temperature daily for a week
- Repeat experiment 10 times
- Test flask temp will increase when beans respire but control flask won’t
Why does the net exchange of gases depend on light intensity?
- Photosynthesis happens during the day (light intensity high)
- Day - plants make more oxygen by Photosynthesis then they use in Respiration, they release oxygen and take in carbon dioxide
- Night - plants only respire, not enough light for Photosynthesis, take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide
How are leaves adapted for efficient gas exchange?
Broad - large surface area for diffusion
•Thin - gas travel short distance
•Air spaces - CO2 and O2 move between cells which increase surface area
•Stomata - Let CO2 and O2 diffuse in and out, water to escape (transpiration)
•Guard Cells - control opening and closing of stomata, increase in volume to open and decrease in volume to close
How can you test for the change in carbon dioxide concentration?
- Use Hydrogen Carbon Indicator
- Normal concentration = orange
- Increase concentration = Yellow
- Decrease concentration = Purple
What are the different part of lungs and how is it structured?
- Thorax - top part of body, separates from lower part of body called Diaphragm
- Pleural Membranes - surround lungs
- Ribcage - protect lungs
- Intercostal Muscles - between ribs
- Trachea - air you breath goes through here, splits into two tubes called Bronchi going to each lung
- Bronchioles - bronchi splits into this
- Alveoli - small bags off the bronchioles, gas exchange takes place
When your Breathing In what happens to your lungs?
- Intercostal Muscles and Diaphragm contract
- Thorax volume increases
- Decreases pressure so air comes in
When your Breathing Out what happens to your lungs?
- Intercostal Muscles and Diaphragm relax
- Thorax volume decreases
- Air forced out
How do you investigate the release of carbon dioxide in your breath?
•Limewater is colourless, turns cloudy if carbon dioxide is present - carbon dioxide released when we breath out
How are Alveoli specialised for gas exchange?
- Moist lining for gases to dissolve in
- Thin walls so short diffusion
- Great blood supply to maintain high concentration gradient
- Permeable walls so diffuse across easily
- Huge number of microscopic alveoli gives lunges big surface area
