Respiration and Gas Exchange Flashcards
What is the respiration equation
Glucose+Oxygen - carbon dioxide+water
C6H12O6 + 6O2 - 6CO2 + 6H20
What is anaerobic respiration in animals
Glucose - lactic acid (+energy)
What is anaerobic respiration equation in plants
Glucose - ethanol + carbon dioxide
How to see if carbon dioxide is present
- Use hydrogen carbonate indicator to show organisms produce CO2 when they respire
- If present colour change from orange to yellow
What is Anaerobic Respiration?
- When you do a lot of exercise your body cannot supply enough oxygen to muscles for anaerobic respiration
- Anaerobic means without oxygen
- Releases much less energy, glucose only partially broken down down and lactic acid is produced which can lead to cramp
What is Aerobic Respiration?
- Plenty of oxygen available
* Best way to transfer energy from glucose
How to test the temperature change produced by Respiration?
- Add each set of beans to a vacuum flask, some air left so beans can respire aerobically
- Place thermometer in each flask&seal top
- Record the temperature daily for a week
- Repeat experiment 10 times
- Test flask temp will increase when beans respire but control flask won’t
Why does the net exchange of gases depend on light intensity?
- Photosynthesis happens during the day (light intensity high)
- Day - plants make more oxygen by Photosynthesis then they use in Respiration, they release oxygen and take in carbon dioxide
- Night - plants only respire, not enough light for Photosynthesis, take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide
How are leaves adapted for efficient gas exchange?
Broad - large surface area for diffusion
•Thin - gas travel short distance
•Air spaces - CO2 and O2 move between cells which increase surface area
•Stomata - Let CO2 and O2 diffuse in and out, water to escape (transpiration)
•Guard Cells - control opening and closing of stomata, increase in volume to open and decrease in volume to close
How can you test for the change in carbon dioxide concentration?
- Use Hydrogen Carbon Indicator
- Normal concentration = orange
- Increase concentration = Yellow
- Decrease concentration = Purple
What are the different part of lungs and how is it structured?
- Thorax - top part of body, separates from lower part of body called Diaphragm
- Pleural Membranes - surround lungs
- Ribcage - protect lungs
- Intercostal Muscles - between ribs
- Trachea - air you breath goes through here, splits into two tubes called Bronchi going to each lung
- Bronchioles - bronchi splits into this
- Alveoli - small bags off the bronchioles, gas exchange takes place
When your Breathing In what happens to your lungs?
- Intercostal Muscles and Diaphragm contract
- Thorax volume increases
- Decreases pressure so air comes in
When your Breathing Out what happens to your lungs?
- Intercostal Muscles and Diaphragm relax
- Thorax volume decreases
- Air forced out
How do you investigate the release of carbon dioxide in your breath?
•Limewater is colourless, turns cloudy if carbon dioxide is present - carbon dioxide released when we breath out
How are Alveoli specialised for gas exchange?
- Moist lining for gases to dissolve in
- Thin walls so short diffusion
- Great blood supply to maintain high concentration gradient
- Permeable walls so diffuse across easily
- Huge number of microscopic alveoli gives lunges big surface area
How does Alveoli carry out gas exchange?
- Oxygen diffuses out of alveolus into the blood
- Carbon dioxide diffuses out of blood into alveolus to be breathed out
- Oxygen released into body cells from red blood cells
- Carbon dioxide diffuses into blood from body cells and carried back to lungs
What problems does Smoking Tobacco cause?
- Damages walls inside Alveoli, reducing SA for gas exchange, leading to diseases(emphysema)
- Tar damages cilia in lungs and trachea so mucus builds up=chest infections
- Mucus produced = smokers cough, chronic bronchitis
- Carbon monoxide in fag reduces amount of O2 the blood can carry - heart rate increases - blood pressure increases - damages artery walls - blood clots more likely - increase heart attack
What is the function of the Lungs?
Inhale oxygen and remove carbon dioxide when exhale - gas exchange
What is the function of the Alveoli?
Site of gas exchange
What is the function of the Diaphragm?
Muscle contracts to increase lung volume
What is the function of the Intercostal Muscles?
Enable thoracic cavity to be increased and decreased
What is the function of the Bronchioles?
Lets air reach the alveoli
