Human Nutrition

Question 1

Describe Carbohydrates:

Answer 1

• Contain elements carbon, oxygen, hydrogen
• Starch + Glycogen are complex carbohydrates(made up of glucose&maltose)
• Maltose to Starch

Question 2

Describe Proteins:

Answer 2

• Made up of a long chain of Amino Acids
• Contain Carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen & oxygen atoms
• Amino Acids to Proteins

Question 3

Describe Lipids:

Answer 3

• Made up of Fatty acids&glycerol
• Contain Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen atoms
• Glycerol & Fatty Acids to Lipid

Question 4

Describe food text for Glucose:

Answer 4

• Benedict’s solution

* Turn brick red of glucose present

Question 5

Describe food test for Starch:

Answer 5

• Iodine Solution

* Turn blue/black if Starch present

Question 6

Describe food test for Proteins:

Answer 6

• Biuret solution

* Turn pink/purple of protein is present

Question 7

Describe food test for Lipids:

Answer 7

• Sudan III stain solution

* Seperare into 2 layers , top layer will be bright red if lipids is present

Question 8

What is the equation for amount of energy in food(J)?

Answer 8

Mass of water (g) * temp change of water (C) * 4.2

Question 9

What is the equation for amount of energy per gram of food (J/g)?

Answer 9

Energy in food (J)/

Mass of food (g)

Question 10

What does Amylase convert Starch into?

Answer 10

Maltose

Question 11

What does Maltase convert Maltose into?

Answer 11

Glucose

Question 12

What does Proteases convert Proteins into?

Answer 12

Amino Acids

Question 13

What does Lipases convert Lipids into?

Answer 13

Glycerol and Fatty Acids

Question 14

Where is Bile stored and where is it released into?

Answer 14

Bile is stored in gall bladder in stomach and released into the small intestine

Question 15

What does Bile do?

Answer 15

• Bile neutralises the hydrochloric acid in stomach and makes conditions alkaline.
• It emulsifies fats which makes digestion faster

Question 16

What is Peristalsis?

Answer 16

• Food is moves through the gut by Peristalsis

* The squeezing action, which is waves of circular muscle contractions, is called Peristalsis

Question 17

What happens in the Small Intestine?

Answer 17

• Produces protease, amylase, lipase enzymes to complete digestion
• Where nutrients are absorbed out of the alimentary canal

Question 18

What happens in the Pancreas?

Answer 18

• Produces protease, amylase, lipase enzymes

* Releases these into the small intestine

Question 19

What happens in the Stomach?

Answer 19

• Produces the protease enzyme- pepsin
• It Produces hydrochloric acid to kill bacteria and give optimum pH for pepsin to work
• Pummels food with its muscular walls

Question 20

What happens in the Liver?

Answer 20

Bile is Produced

Question 21

What happens in Gall Bladder?

Answer 21

Bile is stored

Question 22

What happens in Large Intestine?

Answer 22

Excess water is absorbed from food

Question 23

What happens in the Rectum?

Answer 23

Faeces are stored before they go through the anus

Question 24

What is the Oesophagus?

Answer 24

Muscular tube that connects the mouth to stomach

Question 25

What happens in the Mouth?

Answer 25

• Salivary glands produce amylase enzyme in saliva

* Teeth break down food

Question 26

How does Villi in small intestine help with absorption?

Answer 26

• Very long-time to break down/absorb all food
• Large SA-walls of small intestine have many tiny villi
• Own microvilli for each cell-increase SA
• Single permeable of surface cells and good blood supply - assist quick absorption