Respiration Flashcards
Define respiration
A chemical reaction that releases energy from glucose.
Takes place in every living organism in every cell.
What is the difference between breathing and respiring.
Breathing is a physical process of inhaling and exhaling.
Respiration is a chemical reaction that uses oxygen to release energy from glucose.
What is aerobic respiration?
A chemical reaction that releases energy from glucose using OXYGEN
What is anaerobic respiration?
A chemical reaction that releases energy from glucose WITHOUT oxygen
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + energy
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?
Animals/ humans:
glucose -> lactic acid + energy
In yeast and plants:
glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy
Describe the respiratory system
Inhaled air goes into the mouth and down the trachea
(Long tube at the back of the mouth)
The air then goes down the left and right bronchus.
(Where the trachea splits into bronchi - each travel to a lung)
When the air reaches the lungs the bronchi subdivide into bronchioles
These split again into alveoli (air sacs)
What is the difference between respiration and combustion?
Combustion is the burning of substances in the presence of oxygen.
Respiration is using oxygen to release energy from glucose.
Respiration happens in cells
Combustion does not
Describe how air gets in and out of lungs
Inhaling: Diaphragm contracts and moves down Rib muscles contract and rib cage expands (up and out) Chest is bigger - air pressure is lower Air enters lungs
Exhaling:
Diaphragm relaxes and moves up
Rib muscles relax and rib cage becomes smaller (down and in)
Chest is smaller - air pressure is higher
Air leaves lungs
Tell me about inhaled and exhaled air
Inhaled air
- more oxygen
Exhaled air
- more carbon dioxide
- more water vapour
Percentages of inhaled/ exhaled air
Inhaled: 21% oxygen 79% nitrogen 0.04% Carbon Dioxide Water vapour varies but less than in exhaled air
Exhaled: 16% oxygen 79% nitrogen 4% Carbon dioxide Water vapour varies but more in exhaled than inhaled
Adaptations of gas exchange (alveoli)
- large surface area - more area for gas to be exchanged in a certain amount of time
- lots of capillaries - more gas can be exchanged, more capillaries take oxygenated blood to muscles
- thin walls - short diffusion distance
- moist surface - gas can dissolve easier - quickens gas exchange
Why does the body need oxygen and the role of the heart
To respire
To pump blood - oxygenate areas of the body that need to carry out respiration for example tired muscles
Dangers of smoking
Tar coats cilia - can’t push dust, mucus up to swallow. This causes smokers cough.
Tar contains chemicals that may cause cancer
Harms others - passive smoking
Clogs up lungs
Addictive - nicotine
Carbon monoxide replaces oxygen in red blood cells
What is passive smoking
When a non - smoker inhaled the fumes of a smoker and this harms them as well as the smoker
