Cells and organs Flashcards
What is a specialised cell?
A cell that has been formed to do a specific job.
Name the 4 main parts of an animal cell
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Name the 6 main parts of a plant cell
Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Cell wall Vacuole Chloroplasts Mitochondria
What is an organ?
An organ is a group of tissues in a living organism that has a specific form and function.
Name a few organs
Brain, eyes, lungs
What do lungs do
They help us breathe. They pump oxygen to our cells and remove carbon dioxide
Name all the organ systems
Sensory - provides information about the surroundings
Nervous - controls actions of body
Respiratory - breathing and exchanging gases
Digestive - where food is broken down
Circulatory - transports materials around the body in the blood
Excretory - cleans waste from the body
Skeletal - provides support for the body
Muscle - provides ability for movement
Endocrine - releases hormones and chemical messengers
Reproductive - produces sperm/eggs + provides room for baby to develop
Nucleus
It controls the activities of the cell. Contains a complete set of instructions for the cell
Cytoplasm
It is a jelly like substance that occupies most of the cell. It is where the cell’s chemical reactions happen.
Mitochondria
Tiny structures inside the cell where most of the reactions for respiration take place
Cell Membrane
It surrounds the cell and holds the cytoplasm together acting as a barrier (controls what goes in and out of the cell)
Differences between plant and animal cells
Plants have the same parts as the animal but also have a cell wall, chloroplasts and vacuole
Name a specialised cell and give its function
Sperm - to reach the egg
Red blood cell - carries oxygen around the body
What do both animal and plant cells have?
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Cell membrane
What do only plant cells have?
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell wall
Cell wall
A very strong layer on the outside of the cell membrane. It protects the cell and keeps it in shape, preventing it from collapsing or bursting
Chloroplasts
Contains a green substance called chlorophyll. This is used for photosynthesis. Photosynthesis creates food for the plant using light energy.
Vacuole
Filled with cell sap - weak solution of sugar and salts
What is the difference between a tissue and an organ?
A tissue is made from a group of similar cells whilst a organ is made from a group of different tissues working together
What is an organ system?
A group of organs working together
What is an organism
Another word for a living thing. All organisms are built up of cells.
