Digestion Topic

Question 1

Test for starch

Answer 1

Add iodine to starch
Iodine is originally brown
Then it should be blue black

Question 2

Test for sugar

Answer 2

Add Benedicts solution to sugar
Benedicts is originally blue
Then it should be brick red

Question 3

Test for protein

Answer 3

Add Buiret solution to protein
Buiret solution is usually colourless
Then it should be lilac

Question 4

Test for fat (lipid)

Answer 4

Add ethanol and water to fat
Ethanol and water is usually colourless
Then it should be white emulsion

Question 5

Vitamins

Answer 5

They keep you healthy

Found in vegetables and fruit

Question 6

Minerals

Answer 6

They help your body work healthily

Found in a bit of everything (in a balanced diet)

Question 7

Fibre

Answer 7

To keep the digestive system working properly

Found in whole meal breads, cereal, fruit + veg

Question 8

Fats

Answer 8

For vitamins to dissolve + for fat to protect organs
Found in vegetables fats: soya, sunflower, olive oil
OR
Milk, butter, pork, egg

Question 9

Protein

Answer 9

Needed for growth of muscles and repair of cells (eg. Skin)

Found in fish + poultry, grains + pulses, peas + beans

Question 10

Carbohydrates

Answer 10

Main source of energy
Found in starch (bread, rice, pasta)

AND sugars (cake, jam)

Question 11

Water

Answer 11

Keeps us alive, allows chemical reactions to take place. 70% of our body is made up of water.
Most foods contain water (eg watermelon) but you could just drink water

Question 12

Label a tooth

Answer 12

Top - enamel
Dentin
Pulp cavity
Crown
Gum
Jaw bone
Root
Nerves and blood vessels
Bottom -

Question 13

Incisor

Answer 13

Flat

Bites off parts of food

Question 14

Canine

Answer 14

Sharp and pointy

Rips food apart

Question 15

Pre molar

Answer 15

Nearly a molar - smaller version

Grinds food

Question 16

Molar

Answer 16

Wide

Grinds food and chewing

Question 17

Parts of digestive system

Answer 17

Saliva glands
To the oesophagus
To the liver
To the stomach
To the pancreas
To the small intestine
To the large intestine
To the anus

Question 18

Saliva glands

Answer 18

Where saliva is made

Question 19

Oesophagus

Answer 19

Moves food from mouth to stomach

Question 20

Liver

Answer 20

Produces bile (an alkaline fluid that aids digestion) and detoxifies stomach acid

Question 21

Stomach

Answer 21

Holds food and starts to break it down using a strong acid

Question 22

Pancreas

Answer 22

Produces enzymes that work in the small intestine

Question 23

Small intestine

Answer 23

Extracts nutrients + absorbs them into the booodstream

Question 24

Large intestine

Answer 24

Absorbs water from undigested food leaving faeces

Question 25

How can we break down our food?

Answer 25

We can either break it down mechanically or chemically.

Question 26

How do you break down food mechanically?

Answer 26

By chewing it on the mouth and churning it in the stomach

Question 27

How do you break down food chemically?

Answer 27

By adding enzymes

Question 28

What are enzymes?

Answer 28

Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts (chemicals that don’t take part in a reaction but speed it up)

They break down nutrients into building blocks which are then rebuilt into other things.
e.g. amino acids combine to create hair, skin, enzymes. Certain combination make certain things.

Question 29

Explain in greater detail the process of digestion

Answer 29

First there is churning in the stomach.

Then the food is chemically broken down in the stomach, pancreas and the small intestine.

The liver makes bile which is alkaline and so neutralises the acidic food as it comes out of the stomach.

Then comes the small intestine where the small nutrients are dissolved into the bloodstream.

Most of the water is absorbed by the large intestine.

Any undigested food is stored in the large intestine until it is ready to leave through the anus as faeces which is mainly fibre.

Question 30

Why do we need to digest?

Answer 30

We need to digest food to break down large insoluble molecules into smaller molecules, which can be absorbed into the bloodstream

Question 31

Protease

Answer 31

Protease - breaks down protein into amino acids

Stomach, pancreas, small intestine

Question 32

Amylase

Answer 32

Amylase - breaks down starch into maltose.

Salivary glands, pancreas

Question 33

Lipase

Answer 33

Lipase - breaks down fat into fatty acids and glycerol

Pancreas, small intestine.

Question 34

Does Saliva contain amylase enzyme?

Answer 34

Yes, when you test starch with saliva, the colour (with the iodine added) is white and yellow

Question 35

Can boiled saliva break down starch?

Answer 35

No, boiled enzymes don’t break down starch because the molecules in the enzyme change shape therefore they won’t fit -they’ve become denatured.