Respiration Flashcards
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen -> Carbon dioxide + water (+ATP/energy)
What is the chemical equation for aerobic respiration?
C⁶H¹²O⁶ + 6O² -> 6CO² + 6H²O (+ATP/energy)
Is aerobic respiration exothermic or endothermic?
Exothermic
Where does respiration take place?
The mitochondria
Why do we need to respire?
- to grow and develop
- to keep warm
- movement
- breaking down large molecules into small molecules and vice versa
- for muscle contraction
- (for active transport in plants)
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration?
Glucose -> lactic acid + energy
C⁶H¹²O⁶ -> 2C³H⁶O³ + energy
What are muscles doing during exercise?
- contracting and relaxing for movement
- getting energy from aerobic respiration
- aerobically respiration more than at rest
How is more glucose obtained in exercise?
Stored glycogen is converted into glucose for respiration
Where is glucose stored?
In muscled and liver as glycogen
What occurs when there is a low energy demand?
- low rate of aerobic respiration required
- low demand for glucose and oxygen
- low BR and HR
What occurs when there is a high energy demand?
- high rate of aerobic respiration required
- high demand for glucose and oxygen
- high BR and HR
Why do we sweat during exercise?
To cool us down via evaporation, removing heat energy from surface of skin
Remove H²O, a product of aerobic respiration
Why does our heart rate increase during exercise?
To pump more blood with O² and glucose to muscles for aerobic respiration
Why does our breathing rate increase during exercise?
- Increases supply of O² for aerobic respiration
- Removes CO² and H²O
Why do we feel hot during exercise?
Respiration is exothermic, so releases heat energy
Why do we go red during exercise?
Blood vessels near skin dilate to bring more blood to surface so heat energy can be lost via radiation
Define stroke volume
Volume of blood leaving your heart per beat
Define cardiac output
Volume of blood leaving your heart per minute?
What is the equation for cardiac output?
Stroke volume × BPM
When does anaerobic respiration occur?
When oxygen levels cannot meet the energy demands
Takes place in addition to aerobic respiration
What are the effects of lactic acid on muscles?
Lactic acid is poisonous to muscles and stops them from contracting and relaxing
They become fatigued
What is the equation for aerobic respiration in plants?
Glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide (+energy)
Which other organisms anerobically respire like plants?
Microorganisms
In yeast it is called fermentation and is used in the brewing industry, fermented foods and baking
How is lactic acid broken down?
- by oxygen in the liver
Lactic acid + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
What is oxygen debt?
The amount of O² required to break down lactic acid
What are the 3 main vessels in the liver?
Hepatic artery
Hepatic portal vein
Hepatic vein
What does the Hepatic artery do?
Bring oxygenated blood to the liver
What does the hepatic portal vein do?
Carry blood containing digested food from intestines to the liver
What does the hepatic vein do?
Carries blood from liver to heart with levels of food adjusted
