Respiration Flashcards
What is respiration?
A chemical reaction that releases chemical energy from glucose by breaking down molecules.
Respiration occurs on a cellular level.
What is ATP?
Adenosine triphosphate, an energy-carrying molecule often termed the energy ‘currency’.
ATP is produced during respiration and is broken down to ADP to release energy.
How is energy released from ATP?
By breaking the bond with the last phosphate, producing ADP from ATP.
This process occurs when the body needs energy.
What happens during respiration related to ADP?
A phosphate is added to ADP using energy from the oxidation of glucose.
This process drives the reverse reaction during respiration.
Where does respiration occur?
In all cells, all the time.
Respiration is a constant process in living organisms.
What is aerobic respiration?
A type of respiration that requires oxygen to release chemical energy from glucose.
It produces significantly more energy than anaerobic respiration.
What is the equation for aerobic respiration?
602 + C6H1206 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
This represents the transformation of oxygen and glucose into carbon dioxide and water.
Where does aerobic respiration take place?
In the mitochondria.
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell.
What is anaerobic respiration?
A type of respiration that does not require oxygen.
It allows cells to respire for a limited time without oxygen.
What is produced during anaerobic respiration in animals?
Lactate or lactic acid.
The equation is C6H1206 → 2C3H6O3.
Where does anaerobic respiration occur?
In the cytoplasm.
This is where glucose is partially broken down during anaerobic conditions.
How does the energy production in anaerobic respiration compare to aerobic respiration?
Anaerobic respiration produces a relatively small amount of energy compared to aerobic respiration.
This is due to the incomplete breakdown of glucose.
What is produced from respiration?
Heat
The experiment shows that living, germinating peas produce heat through respiration, while dead peas do not.
What are the two types of peas used in the respiration experiment?
Living, germinating peas and dead peas
The living peas respire and produce heat, while the dead peas do not.
What is an example of a unicellular fungus?
Yeast
What is an example of a multicellular fungus?
Mushroom or mucor
What are the cell walls of fungi made of?
Chitin
This is in contrast to plant cells which have cellulose cell walls.
In what form do fungi mainly store their carbohydrates?
Glycogen
What is the network called that makes up the body of fungi?
Mycelium
What are the thread-like substances that make up mycelium called?
Hyphae
How do fungi primarily feed?
By secreting digestive enzymes extracellularly and absorbing organic products
This method of feeding is known as saprotrophic nutrition.
What are fungi classified as based on their feeding method?
Saprobiants
What is yeast used for in production?
Bread, beer, and medicine
Yeast is crucial in the production of penicillin as well.
What process does yeast undergo during bread production?
Anaerobic respiration
The CO2 produced causes the bread to rise.
What is produced during the anaerobic respiration of yeast in beer production?
Ethanol
Ethanol is the alcohol found in drinks like beer and wine.
What is the anaerobic respiration of yeast known as?
Fermentation
What color does the bicarbonate indicator turn in high levels of CO₂?
Yellow
What color does the bicarbonate indicator turn in low levels of CO₂?
Purple
What must be placed above the solution to keep oxygen out during the experiment?
Bung and paraffin oil
What is the role of Janus green in the experiment?
Turns green in the presence of oxygen and pink without oxygen
What color indicates that the yeast are ready to start respiring anaerobically?
Pink
What should be done to the solution before starting the experiment?
Boil the solution to remove microorganisms
Why is it important to let the solution cool before starting the experiment?
Heat speeds up the rate of respiration
What method can be used to improve the reliability of the experiment?
Repeat the experiment, identify anomalies, and take an average
What tool can be used to improve accuracy in measuring gas produced?
Gas syringe
True or False: Counting bubbles is a reliable method for measuring gas production.
False
Why do smaller organisms need to respire more?
They have a greater surface area to volume ratio and lose more heat
