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Biology > Respiration > Flashcards

Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

What is respiration?

A

A chemical reaction that releases chemical energy from glucose by breaking down molecules.

Respiration occurs on a cellular level.

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2
Q

What is ATP?

A

Adenosine triphosphate, an energy-carrying molecule often termed the energy ‘currency’.

ATP is produced during respiration and is broken down to ADP to release energy.

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3
Q

How is energy released from ATP?

A

By breaking the bond with the last phosphate, producing ADP from ATP.

This process occurs when the body needs energy.

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4
Q

What happens during respiration related to ADP?

A

A phosphate is added to ADP using energy from the oxidation of glucose.

This process drives the reverse reaction during respiration.

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5
Q

Where does respiration occur?

A

In all cells, all the time.

Respiration is a constant process in living organisms.

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6
Q

What is aerobic respiration?

A

A type of respiration that requires oxygen to release chemical energy from glucose.

It produces significantly more energy than anaerobic respiration.

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7
Q

What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

A

602 + C6H1206 → 6CO2 + 6H2O

This represents the transformation of oxygen and glucose into carbon dioxide and water.

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8
Q

Where does aerobic respiration take place?

A

In the mitochondria.

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell.

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9
Q

What is anaerobic respiration?

A

A type of respiration that does not require oxygen.

It allows cells to respire for a limited time without oxygen.

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10
Q

What is produced during anaerobic respiration in animals?

A

Lactate or lactic acid.

The equation is C6H1206 → 2C3H6O3.

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11
Q

Where does anaerobic respiration occur?

A

In the cytoplasm.

This is where glucose is partially broken down during anaerobic conditions.

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12
Q

How does the energy production in anaerobic respiration compare to aerobic respiration?

A

Anaerobic respiration produces a relatively small amount of energy compared to aerobic respiration.

This is due to the incomplete breakdown of glucose.

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13
Q

What is produced from respiration?

A

Heat

The experiment shows that living, germinating peas produce heat through respiration, while dead peas do not.

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14
Q

What are the two types of peas used in the respiration experiment?

A

Living, germinating peas and dead peas

The living peas respire and produce heat, while the dead peas do not.

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15
Q

What is an example of a unicellular fungus?

A

Yeast

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16
Q

What is an example of a multicellular fungus?

A

Mushroom or mucor

17
Q

What are the cell walls of fungi made of?

A

Chitin

This is in contrast to plant cells which have cellulose cell walls.

18
Q

In what form do fungi mainly store their carbohydrates?

A

Glycogen

19
Q

What is the network called that makes up the body of fungi?

A

Mycelium

20
Q

What are the thread-like substances that make up mycelium called?

A

Hyphae

21
Q

How do fungi primarily feed?

A

By secreting digestive enzymes extracellularly and absorbing organic products

This method of feeding is known as saprotrophic nutrition.

22
Q

What are fungi classified as based on their feeding method?

A

Saprobiants

23
Q

What is yeast used for in production?

A

Bread, beer, and medicine

Yeast is crucial in the production of penicillin as well.

24
Q

What process does yeast undergo during bread production?

A

Anaerobic respiration

The CO2 produced causes the bread to rise.

25
Q

What is produced during the anaerobic respiration of yeast in beer production?

A

Ethanol

Ethanol is the alcohol found in drinks like beer and wine.

26
Q

What is the anaerobic respiration of yeast known as?

A

Fermentation

27
Q

What color does the bicarbonate indicator turn in high levels of CO₂?

A

Yellow

28
Q

What color does the bicarbonate indicator turn in low levels of CO₂?

A

Purple

29
Q

What must be placed above the solution to keep oxygen out during the experiment?

A

Bung and paraffin oil

30
Q

What is the role of Janus green in the experiment?

A

Turns green in the presence of oxygen and pink without oxygen

31
Q

What color indicates that the yeast are ready to start respiring anaerobically?

A

Pink

32
Q

What should be done to the solution before starting the experiment?

A

Boil the solution to remove microorganisms

33
Q

Why is it important to let the solution cool before starting the experiment?

A

Heat speeds up the rate of respiration

34
Q

What method can be used to improve the reliability of the experiment?

A

Repeat the experiment, identify anomalies, and take an average

35
Q

What tool can be used to improve accuracy in measuring gas produced?

A

Gas syringe

36
Q

True or False: Counting bubbles is a reliable method for measuring gas production.

A

False

37
Q

Why do smaller organisms need to respire more?

A

They have a greater surface area to volume ratio and lose more heat

Biology (18 decks)

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