Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Human reproduction > Flashcards

Human reproduction Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is puberty?

A

The changes that happen to your body between childhood and adulthood

These changes are controlled by hormones in the blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What role do hormones play in puberty?

A

They control the changes that prepare the body to reproduce

FSH and LH are key hormones involved in this process.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the function of FSH in males?

A

Stimulates sperm production

FSH stands for Follicle-Stimulating Hormone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does LH do in males?

A

Starts secretion of testosterone

LH stands for Luteinizing Hormone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What hormones are released in females during puberty?

A

Estrogen

FSH and LH stimulate the release of estrogen in women.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are secondary sexual characteristics in men?

A

Extra hair on face and body, muscle development, penis and testicles enlargement, sperm production, deepening of voice

These changes are triggered by testosterone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What changes occur in women during puberty?

A

Extra hair on underarms and pubic area, hips widen, development of breasts, ovum released, start of periods

These changes are triggered by estrogen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are sperm?

A

The male gametes made in the testes after puberty

Sperm are mixed with fluid to create semen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the purpose of the scrotum?

A

Holds testes outside the body and controls their temperature

This is important for sperm production.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the vas deferens?

A

The sperm ducts that carry sperm away from the testis

It plays a crucial role in the male reproductive system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the urethra’s function?

A

Carries urine and semen out of the body

It serves dual purposes in the male reproductive system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of fertilization occurs in humans?

A

Internal fertilization

This means that sperm must enter the woman’s internal reproductive tract for fertilization to occur.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Fill in the blank: The penis enters the vagina to deliver _______.

A

semen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the primary role of the male reproductive system?

A

To produce and deliver sperm

This includes the production of semen during ejaculation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do the seminal vesicles and prostate gland produce?

A

Seminal fluid which nourishes the sperm

This fluid is essential for sperm health and mobility.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the primary function of sperm’s motility?

A

To swim towards the egg in the oviduct

Sperm motility is crucial for fertilization.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What provides the energy for sperm movement?

A

Respiration in mitochondria using sugar from seminal fluid

Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the sperm cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the role of the acrosome in sperm?

A

To dissolve its way into the egg using a digestive enzyme

The acrosome is critical for fertilization.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does the nucleus of sperm contain?

A

The male 23 chromosomes

These chromosomes carry genetic information from the male parent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the function of the flagellum in sperm?

A

Used for swimming

The flagellum propels the sperm towards the egg.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the function of the vagina in the female reproductive system?

A

Receives the penis during intercourse

The vagina is also part of the birth canal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is produced by the ovaries?

A

Eggs

Ovaries are the female gonads responsible for gamete production.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the function of the uterus?

A

Muscular sac where the fetus develops

The uterus is essential for gestation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the role of the oviducts (fallopian tubes)?

A

Carry the eggs from the ovaries to the uterus where fertilization occurs

Fertilization typically occurs in the oviduct.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are female gametes called?

A

Ovum (eggs)

Female gametes are larger than male gametes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Fill in the blank: Eggs are the largest cells in the human body and contain _______ as an energy source for the developing embryo before the placenta forms.

A

fats

These fats support the embryo until the placenta can provide nutrients.

27
Q

What do the female chromosomes in the nucleus represent?

A

Genetic information from the female parent

Female gametes also carry 23 chromosomes.

28
Q

What is the process of fertilisation?

A

The sperm penetrates the egg, and its nucleus fuses with the egg nucleus to form a zygote.

29
Q

How many chromosomes do gametes have?

A

Each gamete has half the required chromosomes.

30
Q

Where does fertilisation take place?

A

In the oviduct.

31
Q

What develops after the zygote undergoes mitosis?

A

An embryo.

32
Q

What is the role of the placenta?

A

Allows the exchange of food, oxygen, and waste between the mother and embryo by diffusion.

33
Q

What gases are exchanged through the placenta?

A

Carbon dioxide and oxygen.

34
Q

What nutrients does the embryo obtain from the placenta?

A

Oxygen, glucose, amino acids, vitamins, and fatty acids.

35
Q

What hormone does the placenta produce to maintain the uterus lining?

A

Progesterone.

36
Q

Fill in the blank: The amnion membrane surrounds the embryo with _______ to cushion and protect it.

A

amniotic fluid.

37
Q

What are the adaptations of the placenta for efficient diffusion?

A
  • Villi for large surface area
  • Thin walls for short diffusion pathway
  • Large concentration gradient
38
Q

What is the significance of the embryo becoming a foetus?

A

It becomes recognisably human.

39
Q

List the steps of birth.

A
  • Cervix dilates
  • Uterus contracts
  • Baby is pushed through cervix and vagina
  • Afterbirth is delivered
40
Q

True or False: The placenta allows the blood of the embryo and mother to mix.

A

False.

41
Q

What happens to the amnion during birth?

A

It tears, allowing the fluid to escape.

42
Q

What process forms gametes?

A

Meiosis.

43
Q

What is the average duration of the menstrual cycle?

A

28 days

The menstrual cycle can vary, but 28 days is the average length.

44
Q

What happens to the uterus lining if the egg is not fertilized?

A

It is shed

This process is known as menstruation.

45
Q

During which phase does the uterine lining thicken to accept a fertilized egg?

A

Days 5 - 14

This phase is part of the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.

46
Q

What occurs on day 14 of the menstrual cycle?

A

Ovulation

An egg is released during ovulation.

47
Q

What is the duration of menstrual bleeding?

A

Usually lasts 5 days

This is the shedding of the uterine lining.

48
Q

What hormone is primarily responsible for thickening the uterine wall?

A

Oestrogen

Oestrogen is released from the developing follicle.

49
Q

What hormone stimulates the development of immature egg cells in the ovary?

A

FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone)

FSH is produced in the pituitary gland.

50
Q

What does LH stand for, and what is its role?

A

Luteinizing Hormone; it stimulates ovulation and the development of the corpus luteum

LH is also produced in the pituitary gland.

51
Q

Fill in the blank: The corpus luteum develops and releases _______ to maintain the uterine lining.

A

Progesterone

Progesterone is crucial for maintaining the uterine lining after ovulation.

52
Q

What happens during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle?

A

The follicle develops and estrogen is released

This phase occurs from day 1 to day 14.

53
Q

True or False: The uterine wall is maintained from day 14 to day 28 of the menstrual cycle.

A

True

This maintenance is primarily due to progesterone from the corpus luteum.

54
Q

What triggers ovulation?

A

LH (Luteinizing Hormone)

LH surge causes the release of the mature egg.

55
Q

What is the primary source of Oestrogen?

A

Produced in the ovary

56
Q

What are the effects of Oestrogen on the uterine wall?

A

Causes growth and thickening of the uterine wall

57
Q

How does Oestrogen affect LH and FSH production?

A

Stimulates production of LH, but inhibits FSH production

58
Q

When do Oestrogen levels typically drop?

A

Around 14 days

59
Q

What is the primary source of Progesterone?

A

Produced in the ovary

60
Q

What role does Progesterone play in the uterus?

A

Maintains the thickness of the uterus wall and stops more eggs from being released

61
Q

What happens to Progesterone production if there is no pregnancy?

A

The corpus luteum breaks down and progesterone production drops, leading to shedding of the uterus wall

62
Q

If the egg cell is fertilised, what happens to the corpus luteum?

A

The corpus luteum remains for 12 weeks and keeps making progesterone

63
Q

What is the function of progesterone during pregnancy?

A

To maintain the uterus wall and stop any more eggs from being released

64
Q

Who produces progesterone after 12 weeks of pregnancy?

A

The placenta

Biology (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions