Respiration

Question 1

Cellular respiration

Answer 1

Exothermic reaction that occurs continuously in mitochondria of living cells to supply cells with energy
Energy releases during respiration is needed for all living processes:
Chemical reactions to build larger molecules (making proteins from amino acids), Muscle contraction for movement, keeping warm

Question 2

Aerobic respiration

Answer 2

Requires oxygen
Complete oxidation of glucose- large amount of energy is released

Question 3

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 3

No oxygen required
Incomplete oxidation of glucose- much less energy released per glucose molecule than in aerobic respiration

Question 4

Equations

Answer 4

Respiration can take place in cells aerobically (using oxygen) or anaerobically (without oxygen)
Aerobic respiration:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6CO2 + 6H2O
Glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water
Anaerobic respiration in muscles:
C6H12O6 —> 2C3H6O3
Glucose —> lactic acid

Question 5

Fermentation

Answer 5

Anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells is represented by the equation
Glucose—> ethanol + carbon dioxide
Products of fermentation are important in the manufacturing of bread and alcoholic drinks

Question 6

Cyptoplasm

Answer 6

Where enzymes are made
Location of reactions in anaerobic respiration

Question 7

Nucleus

Answer 7

Holds genetic code for enzymes involved in respiration

Question 8

Mitochondrion

Answer 8

Contains enzymes for aerobic respiration

Question 9

Cell membrane

Answer 9

Allows gases and water to pass freely into and out of the cell
Controls passage of other molecules

Question 10

Response to exercise

Answer 10

Heart rate breathing rate breath volume increases to supply muscles with more oxygenated blood
Is insufficient oxygen is supplied anaerobic respiration takes place instead leading to build up of lactic acid
During long period of vigorous exercise muscles become fatigued and stop contracting efficiently

Question 11

After exercise

Answer 11

Lactic acid accumulated during anaerobic respiration need to be removed
Oxygen debt is amount of oxygen needed to react with lactic acid to remove it from cells

Question 12

Removal of lactic acid

Answer 12

1) lactic acid in muscles
2) transported to liver in blood
3) lactic acid converted back to glucose

Question 13

Metabolism

Answer 13

Sum of all reactions in a cell or the body
Energy release by respiration in cells is used for continual enzyme controlled processes of metabolism that produce new molecules

Question 14

Carbohydrates

Answer 14

Synthesis of larger carbohydrates from sugars (starch, glycogen, cellulose)
Breakdown of glucose in respiration to release energy

Question 15

Proteins

Answer 15

Synthesis of amino acids from glucose and nitrate ions
Amino acids used to from proteins
Excess proteins broken down to form urea for excretion

Question 16

Lipids

Answer 16

Synthesis of lipids from one molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids