Cell Cycle

Question 1

Chromosomes

Answer 1

Nucleus of cell contains chromosomes
Each chromosome carries a large number of genes made of DNA molecules
Normal body cells chromosomes found in pairs

Question 2

Mitosis

Answer 2

Used for growth and repair

Question 3

Cancer

Answer 3

When cells grow out of control

Question 4

Cell cycle stage 1

Answer 4

Cells grow bigger
DNA replicates
Ribosomes and mitochondria increase

Question 5

Cell cycle stage 2

Answer 5

Complete set of chromosomes pulled to each end of cell
Nucleus divides- forms two nuclei

Question 6

Cell cycle stage 3

Answer 6

Cytoplasm and cell membrane divide to form to identical daughter cells

Question 7

Adult stem cells

Answer 7

Found in bone marrow
Only differentiates to form certain types of cells
Fewer ethical issues, established technique, safe, donors recover quick
Requires donor, long wait, treats fewer diseases

Question 8

Embryonic stem cells

Answer 8

Early human embryos
Differentiates into any cell
Treats wide range of disease, possible to grow whole replacement organs, no donor needed
Ethical issues, risk of transferring virus infections, newer treatment

Question 9

Plant meristem

Answer 9

Meristem regions in roots and shoots of plants
Differentiates into any cell
Rare species can be cloned, plants with desirable characteristics can be cloned
Fast and low cost
Whole crop at risk of being destroyed by single disease

Question 10

Therapeutic cloning

Answer 10

Cells from patients own body used to create cloned early embryo of themselves
Stem cells from embryo can be used for medical treatments and growing new organs
Stems cells have same genes as patient so less likely to reject when transplanted