Respiration Flashcards
What are the two types of Respiration and state the difference?
Aerobic Respiration (Oxygen)
Anaerobic Respiration (No Oxygen)
Name the 4 stages of Aerobic Respiration and where they take place
Glycolysis (Cytoplasm)
Link Reaction
Krebs Cycle
Oxidative Phosphorylation
(Inside Mitochondria)
Explain what happens during Glycolysis
- Splits one molecule of glucose (6 Carbon) into 2 pyruvate molecules (3 Carbon)
- Occurs in the Cytoplasm
- Anaerobic process as it does not require oxygen
What are the products of Glycolysis? Draw the diagram
2x ATP Molecules
2x NADH
2x Pyruvate
Explain what happens during Link Reaction
- Converts 2 Pyruvate (3C) into Acetyl Coenzyme A (2C)
- Occurs twice due to 2 pyruvate molecule
- Takes place in matrix of mitochondria
- No ATP produced
What are the products of the Link Reaction? Draw the Diagram
For every glucose molecule:
- 2x Acetyl Coenzyme A transported to the Krebs Cycle
- 2x Carbon Dioxide Molecules are released as waste
- 2x Reduced NAD - These go to Oxidative Phosphorylation
Explain what happens during the Krebs Cycle
- Series of oxidation-reduction reactions to produce reduced coenzymes and ATP
- Happens in the matrix of mitochondria
- Happens twice for every GLUCOSE molecule
What are the products of the Krebs Cycle? Draw the Diagram
DENA, DENA, A, FA, NA
- Decarboxylation of NADH
- Decarboxylation of NADH
- Production of ATP
- Production of reduced FAD
- Production of NAD
PRODUCTS:
- 1x Coenzyme A
- 1x Oxaloacetate (4C)
- 2x CO2 moleucles
- 3x NADH
- 1x FADH
- 1x ATP
Explain what happens during Oxidative Phosphorylation
Final stage of respiration
Energy carried by electrons from reduced Coenzymes (NADH & FADH) used to make ATP
Involves ETC and Chemiosmosis
Happens across inner mitochondrial membrane
What are the products of Oxidative Phosphorylation
- High concentration of H+ in intermembrane space compared to that in matrix
- Forms electrochemical gradient
- Protons move down electrochemical gradient back into matrix via ATP Synthase
Describe Anaerobic Reaction
Happens without presence of Oxygen.
Only small amount of ATP produced
Products differ between plants and animals
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Krebs Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation cannot take place without oxygen
In the absence of oxygen, Pyruvate can follow two pathways which are:
- Alcoholic Fermentation: in plants and yeasts respiring anaerobically
- Lactate (Lactic Acid) fermentation: in animals respiring anaerobically